The Acute Effect of Fk506 and Cyclosporine on Endothelial Cell Function and Renal Vascular Resistance

Hemorrhage in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Imaging and Clinical Features

“…[40][41][42][43][44] Cyclosporine is also known to induce vasoconstriction through endothelial cell production and release of endothelin and systemic sympathetic stimulation. 43,[45][46][47] Systemic/renal vasoconstriction with resultant hypertension could lead to reduced cerebral blood flow due to autoregulatory vasoconstriction. In addition, these drugs could reduce cerebral blood flow directly, secondary to cerebral vasoconstriction.…”

Diagnosis and treatment of transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy: real progress or are we still waiting?

“…47,49,[72][73][74][75] In addition, calcineurin inhibitors used for GVHD prophylaxis have been associated with increased production of thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) and decreased production of PGI 2 (CsA), 76,77 as well as direct toxicity to the endothelium (CYA and possibly tacrolimus). [78][79][80][81][82][83] The addition of sirolimus to a calcineurin inhibitor has been associated with potentiation of these effects. 22,23,84 The net effect of the changes to endothelial integrity induced by these insults may be the generation of a procoagulant endothelium, ultimately leading to a predilection for secondary TMA.…”

Short-Term and Long-Term FK506 Treatment Alters the Vascular Reactivity of Renal and Mesenteric Vascular Beds

“…FK506 induces endothelin-1 release by cultured rat mesangial cells and increases the expression of prepro endothelin-1 mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (5,6). In contrast, FK506 does not affect endothelin-1 release in bovine aortic endothelial cells or in cultured renal epithelial cell line (7,8).…”