The Acute and Chronic Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS)

Dedeurwaerdere, Stefanie; Vonck, Kristl; Hese, Peter Van; Wadman, Wytse J.; Boon, Paul

doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.01015.x

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These values were improved at hours 22, 24 and 26. These data were different than those observed in previous studies (4,5). This difference may come from variations between the animal strains, per se.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…There are some reports by Dedeurwaerdere et al who particularly studied the acute and chronic effects of VNS on GAERS rats, one of the two animal strains validated for absence seizures (4,5). In the article on acute effects of VNS; they could not show any effect of applying stimulation to vagal nerve on SWC whether performed at the onset or during the discharges.…”

Section: █ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…They typically present with abrupt cessation of an on-Some previous studies focused on this subject in an animal model, with Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) (4,5). We designed an experiment on Wistar Albino Glaxo rats from Rijswijk (WAG\Rij).…”

Section: █ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The acute and delayed effects of vagal nerve stimulation in absence epilepsy model on wagrij

Uyar

Türk²,

Isik³

et al. 2014

Turkish Neurosurgery

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ABSTRACTgoing activity and transient unresponsiveness to surrounding stimuli. The patients generally have a good outcome and high success rates can be achieved with medical therapy.As VNS is generally reserved for medically intractable or drug intolerant patients, effects of the stimulation for absence seizures is not well studied. However, knowing the efficacy and characteristics of VNS on generalized non-convulsive epilepsy, e.g. absence seizures, will potentially enlighten the mechanisms and extent of VNS actions on brain activities (5). █ INTRODUCTIONVagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective method of treatment for patients with epilepsy either unresponsive to medical therapy or not suitable for resective surgeries. A decrease in seizure frequency was shown in the literature with consensus but the exact mechanism of action and the particular types of responsive epilepsy (e.g. convulsive or non-convulsive) are still obscure (2, 4, 11).Absence seizures are a type of non-convulsive generalized epilepsy. They typically present with abrupt cessation of an on-AIM: Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective method of treatment for epilepsy patients either unresponsive to medical therapy or not suitable for resective surgeries. We designed an experimental study on Wistar Albino Glaxo rats from Rijswijk (WAG\Rij) to investigate the effects of VNS on a non-convulsive epilepsy model. MATERIAL and METHODS:The experiment was performed on six WAG/Rij rats, a validated strain for genetic absence seizures. The animals were underwent VNS and the effects were investigated on electroencephalography (EEG) recordings at 22, 24, 26 hours of stimulation and 15 days after the cessation, for duration of spike and wave complexes (SWC), the numbers, mean duration of SWC and frequencies in an hour. RESULTS:EEG recordings demonstrated that the mean duration of SWC was 353.1 seconds and the number of activity per hour was 62 at the baseline. There were statistically significant decreases in the total duration of SWC and the number of activities (61.8% and 78% decrease, respectively). There were no significant decreases in the mean duration of SWC and the frequencies. CONCLUSION:The acute stimulation of the vagal nerve caused a statistically significant decrease both in overall duration of SWC and the number of complexes in an hour. Moreover, the positive effects seemed to last even 15 days after the cessation of the stimulation. Further studies focusing on different stimulation parameters and delayed effects of the VNS on human absence seizures are warranted.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: █ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The acute and delayed effects of vagal nerve stimulation in absence epilepsy model on wagrij

Uyar

Türk²,

Isik³

et al. 2014

Turkish Neurosurgery

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“…Statistical significance: *P <0.05. Table 2 The difference among the five cases in the number of spikes, the maximum amplitude of spikes, and the number of spike-positive electrodes in the VNS ON and OFF phases Neurologia medico-chirurgica Advance Publication Date: April 15, 2020 possibilities have been suggested, such as the change in the neurotransmitters' concentration, [22][23][24] expression of a new protein, 25,26) and change in the local brain blood flow. [27][28][29] Most of the previous studies demonstrated the VNS long-term effects using the trans-scalp EEG recording.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immediate Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Intractable Epilepsy: An Intra-operative Electrocorticographic Analysis

Yokoyama

Akiyama

Enatsu

et al. 2020

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces the epileptogenic activity in the bilateral cerebral cortex in patients with intractable epilepsy. We analyzed the electrocorticograms (ECoGs) of five patients who underwent callosotomy due to intractable epilepsy even after VNS implantation. We recorded ECoGs and analyzed power spectrum in both VNS OFF and ON phases. We counted the number of spikes and electrodes with epileptic spikes, distinguishing unilaterally and bilaterally hemispherically spread spikes as synchronousness of the epileptic spikes in both VNS OFF and ON phases. There were 24.80 ± 35.55 and 7.20 ± 9.93 unilaterally spread spikes in the VNS OFF and ON phases, respectively (P = 0.157), and 35.8 ± 29.21 and 10.6 ± 13.50 bilaterally spread spikes in the VNS OFF and ON phases, respectively (P = 0.027). The number of electrodes with unilaterally and bilaterally spread spikes in the VNS OFF and ON phases was 3.84 ± 2.13 and 3.59 ± 1.82 (P = 0.415), and 8.20 ± 3.56 and 6.89 ± 2.89 (P = 0.026), respectively. The ECoG background power spectra recordings in the VNS OFF and ON phases were also analyzed. The spectral power tended to be greater in the highfrequency band at VNS ON phase than OFF phase. This study showed the reduction of epileptogenic spikes and spread areas of the spikes by VNS as immediate effects, electrophysiologically.

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“…In our group, we have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in both patients and experimental animal models for epilepsy. [4][5][6][7][8] Other possible alternative treatments are newly developed AEDs, 9 the ketogenic diet 10,11 and transcranial magnetic stimulation. 12 In spite of all these developments, a significant number of patients continue to have uncontrolled seizures which makes a further search for alternative treatments mandatory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell therapy in models for temporal lobe epilepsy

Raedt

Dycke

Vonck

et al. 2007

Seizure

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For patients with refractory epilepsy it is important to search for alternative treatments. One of these potential treatments could be introducing new cells or modulating endogenous neurogenesis to reconstruct damaged epileptic circuits or to bring neurotransmitter function back into balance. In this review the scientific basis of these cell therapy strategies is discussed and the results are critically evaluated. Research on cell transplantation strategies has mainly been performed in animal models for temporal lobe epilepsy, in which seizure foci or seizure propagation pathways are targeted. Promising results have been obtained, although there remains a lot of debate about the relevance of the animal models, the appropriate target for transplantation, the suitable cell source and the proper time point for transplantation. From the presented studies it should be evident that transplanted cells can survive and sometimes even integrate in an epileptic brain and in a brain that is subjected to epileptogenic interventions. There is evidence that transplanted cells can partially restore damaged structures and/or release substances that modulate existent or induced hyperexcitability. Even though several studies show encouraging results, more studies need to be done in animal models with spontaneous seizures in order to have a better comparison to the human situation.

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The Acute and Chronic Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS)

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

The acute and delayed effects of vagal nerve stimulation in absence epilepsy model on wagrij

The acute and delayed effects of vagal nerve stimulation in absence epilepsy model on wagrij

The Immediate Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Intractable Epilepsy: An Intra-operative Electrocorticographic Analysis

Cell therapy in models for temporal lobe epilepsy

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