The actual state of occupational exposure to chlorpyrifos of termite control workers.

Asakawa, Fumiyuki; Jitsunari, Fumihiko; Suna, Shigeru; Shiraishi, Hiroaki; Manabe, Yoshiki; Gotoh, Atsushi; Nakajima, Taichi; Shimada, Junko

doi:10.1265/jjh.44.921

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The sprayers commonly used fenitrothion, dichlorvos (DDVP), chlorpyrifos, and permethrin 22,23) . Since they often sprayed the insecticides in narrow spaces such as under floors, they could potentially receive extensive exposure [22][23][24][25][26] . Despite the male reproductive toxicity of DDVP suggested in rodent studies [27][28][29] , no human data on exposed populations have been reported to date.…”

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A Survey of Semen Indices in Insecticide Sprayers

Kamijima

Hibi

Gotoh

et al. 2004

Journal of Occupational Health

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A Survey of Semen Indices in InsecticideSprayers: Michihiro Kamijima, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine-This study aims at clarifying the semen indices of insecticide sprayers who are exposed mainly to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides. Eighteen male sprayers out of 54 working for 9 companies in central Japan and 18 age-matched students or medical doctors as unexposed controls participated in detailed reproductive check-ups conducted in summer and the following winter. The sprayers were exposed to insecticides more in summer, the busiest season, than winter, the off-season (p<0.05). Erythrocyte true cholinesterase activities in the sprayers were lower than in the controls in summer (p<0.05), and decreased in significant association with the increase in exposure frequency. Testicular volumes in the sprayers tended to be smaller than in the controls (p=0.06). The serum testosterone concentration in winter in the sprayers was higher than in the controls (p<0.05), though luteinizing h o r m o n e a n d f o l l i c l e s t i m u l a t i n g h o r m o n e concentrations were not significantly different. The sperm counts and vitality were comparable between the groups, but detailed sperm motility analysis in summer revealed that the percentages of slow progressive and nonprogressive motile sperm were twice as high in the sprayers (p<0.05), and that of rapid progressive sperm tended to be lower (p=0.06). Such differences were not observed in winter. Differential sperm morphology counts showed that interaction of group and abstinence effects were significant in sperm Received Aug 19, 2003; Accepted Nov 28, 2003 Correspondence to: M. Kamijima, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan (e-mail: kamijima@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp) with normal morphology and with head deformity only in the summer check-up. Despite possible inherent differences between the groups, the above seasondependent differences suggested that the observed lower semen quality in the sprayers was associated with pesticide spraying work.

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A Survey of Semen Indices in Insecticide Sprayers

Kamijima

Hibi

Gotoh

et al. 2004

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…However, there has been almost no investigation of indoor air pollution by chlorpyrifos (termiticide), although investigations on occupational exposures to chlorpyrifos and its urinary metabolite (11) 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) are reported occasionally by ourselves (12,13) in Japan.…”

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Investigation of indoor air pollution by chlorpyrifos: Determination of chlorpyrifos in indoor air and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in residents’ urine as an exposure index

Hong

Asakawa

Suna

et al. 2003

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objects: We carried out an investigation to clarify the real state of indoor air pollution by chlorpyrifos (termiticide) and exposure to chlorpyrifos of residents by measuring its urinary metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) as an exposure index, such as biological monitoring.Methods: The investigation was conducted in 43 individual houses with termiticide application (whether the termiticide was chlorpyrifos is uncertain) and 3 control houses without any termiticide application in Kagawa, Japan. Urine samples were collected from 46 healthy adult residents of the aforementioned houses.Results: Chlorpyrifos in indoor air in the control houses was not detected (ND<1 ng/m 3 , n=3), while 41 of 43 houses with termiticide application showed 1-350 ng/m 3 . Although the chlorpyrifos concentrations in these 41 houses did not exceeded the indoor air quality guideline of 1000 ng/m 3 , but 3 houses were higher than the guideline 100 ng/m 3 for children in Japan. Urinary TCP concentrations of 0.1-7.8 ng/mg·creatinine were detected in 41 residents from the 41 houses where chlorpyrifos had been detected. The chlorpyrifos concentration and the urinary TCP revealed a positive correlation (r=0.5468, p<0.01, n=41).Conclusions: The immediate health hazard from air born chlorpyrifos in the examined houses was negligible, but the findings suggest that it is necessary to monitor chemicals which may contaminate indoor air and to assess the risk of prolonged exposure to such chemicals. The measuring of urinary metabolite TCP of chlorpyrifos via biological monitoring would be useful, allowing comprehensive evaluation of the exposure to chlorpyrifos in indoor air.

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