The Actomyosin Systems in Apicomplexa

Frénal, Karine; Krishnan, Aarti; Soldati‐Favre, Dominique

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_14

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…T. gondii expresses 11 myosins that distribute across five classes of the myosin superfamilies (i.e., class VI, XIV, XXII, XXIII, XXIV) [ 14 ], for which specific subcellular location and functional contribution have been resolved in large part. The basal pole of tachyzoites contains the class VI MyoJ and the class XIV MyoC which arises from differential splicing of the myosinB/C gene, and both delineate rings whereas the class XXIV MyoI was shown to accumulate behind at the residual body center of mature rosettes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BCC7 Protein Contributes to the Toxoplasma Basal Pole by Interfacing between the MyoC Motor and the IMC Membrane Network

Vigetti

Labouré

Roumégous

et al. 2022

IJMS

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T. gondii is a eukaryotic parasite that has evolved a stage called tachyzoite which multiplies in host cells by producing two daughter cells internally. These nascent tachyzoites bud off their mother and repeat the division process until the expanding progenies escape to settle and multiply in other host cells. Over these intra- and extra-cellular phases, the tachyzoite maintains an essential apicobasal polarity that emerges through a unique bidirectional budding process of the elongating cells. This process requires the assembly of several molecular complexes that, at the nascent pole, encompass structural and myosin motor elements. To characterize a recently identified basal pole marker named BCC7 with respect to the posterior myosin J and myosin C motors, we used conventional biochemistry as well as advanced proteomic and in silico analysis in conjunction with live and super resolution microscopy of transgenic fluorescent tachyzoites. We document that BCC7 forms a ribbed ring below which myosin C motor entities distribute regularly. In addition, we identified—among 13 BCC7 putative partners—two novel and five known members of the inner membrane complex (IMC) family which ends at the apical side of the ring. Therefore, BCC7 could assist the stabilization of the IMC plaques and contribute to the parasite biomechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BCC7 Protein Contributes to the Toxoplasma Basal Pole by Interfacing between the MyoC Motor and the IMC Membrane Network

Vigetti

Labouré

Roumégous

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Therefore, over years of research, the identification and characterization of key force components powering zoite motility or unique focal contacts with peculiar high‐adhesive strength of the zoite‐hosting cells have benefited from the continuous advances in proteomics, genomics, and epigenomics‐based approaches, as well as stunning progress in genome editing and super resolution imaging (Barylyuk et al., 2020; Frénal et al., 2020; Heaslip et al., 2011; Sidik et al., 2016; Treeck et al., 2011). The repertoire might not be complete yet but more than the discovery of missing accessory molecules, there is a need to interrogate the following questions: how forces are generated in situ and coordinate each other, and how they relate to the zoites’ capacities to adhere ultimately translating into zoite movement at the macro‐ to micro‐scales.…”

Section: Characterizing How Intracellular Zoites Differentially Remod...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering innovation to solve the biomechanics of microbe–host interactions: Focus on the adhesive forces underlying Apicomplexa parasite biology

Vigetti

Tardieux

2023

Biology of the Cell

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The protozoa, Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp., are preeminent members of the Apicomplexa parasitic phylum in large part due to their public health and economic impact. Hence, they serve as model unicellular eukaryotes with which to explore the repertoire of molecular and cellular strategies that specific developmental morphotypes deploy to timely adjust to their host(s) in order to perpetuate. In particular, host tissue‐ and cell‐invasive morphotypes termed zoites alternate extracellular and intracellular lifestyles, thereby sensing and reacting to a wealth of host‐derived biomechanical cues over their partnership. In the recent years, biophysical tools especially related to real time force measurement have been introduced, teaching us how creative are these microbes to shape a unique motility system that powers fast gliding through a variety of extracellular matrices, across cellular barriers, in vascular systems or into host cells. Equally performant was this toolkit to start illuminating how parasites manipulate their hosting cell adhesive and rheological properties to their advantage. In this review, besides highlighting major discoveries along the way, we discuss the most promising development, synergy, and multimodal integration in active noninvasive force microscopy methods. These should in the near future unlock current limitations and allow capturing, from molecules to tissues, the many biomechanical and biophysical interplays over the dynamic host and microbe partnership.

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“…Apicomplexan parasites encode a surprisingly small set of actin-binding proteins and lack actin-nucleating factors such as the Arp2/3 and WAVE/WASP complexes. The only identified actin-nucleating proteins in Plasmodium are the formin family of proteins 19 . Formin proteins are actin-nucleating proteins that are known to regulate actin filament assembly and growth in eukaryotes 20 – 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium falciparum formins are essential for invasion and sexual stage development

Collier,

Pietsch,

Dans

et al. 2023

Commun Biol

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The malaria parasite uses actin-based mechanisms throughout its lifecycle to control a range of biological processes including intracellular trafficking, gene regulation, parasite motility and invasion. In this work we assign functions to the Plasmodium falciparum formins 1 and 2 (FRM1 and FRM2) proteins in asexual and sexual blood stage development. We show that FRM1 is essential for merozoite invasion and FRM2 is required for efficient cell division. We also observed divergent functions for FRM1 and FRM2 in gametocyte development. Conditional deletion of FRM1 leads to a delay in gametocyte stage progression. We show that FRM2 controls the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons in developing gametocytes, with premature removal of the protein resulting in a loss of transmissible stage V gametocytes. Lastly, we show that targeting formin proteins with the small molecule inhibitor of formin homology domain 2 (SMIFH2) leads to a multistage block in asexual and sexual stage parasite development.

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The Actomyosin Systems in Apicomplexa

Cited by 8 publications

References 116 publications

The BCC7 Protein Contributes to the Toxoplasma Basal Pole by Interfacing between the MyoC Motor and the IMC Membrane Network

The BCC7 Protein Contributes to the Toxoplasma Basal Pole by Interfacing between the MyoC Motor and the IMC Membrane Network

Fostering innovation to solve the biomechanics of microbe–host interactions: Focus on the adhesive forces underlying Apicomplexa parasite biology

Plasmodium falciparum formins are essential for invasion and sexual stage development

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