The Activity of PHMB and Other Guanidino Containing Compounds against Acanthamoeba and Other Ocular Pathogens

Ratnayake, Dharanga; Ansah, Michael; Al-Ani, Enas; Heaselgrave, Wayne

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10071375

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Other guanidino-containing compounds may exert similar anti-acanthamoebal effects to PHMB, such as polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), polyaminopropyl biguanide (PAPB), and guazatine, though these have not been tested clinically [86]. Other antimicrobial agents including diamidines such as propamidine isethionate and hexamidine have also been used [87,88].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in Acanthamoeba Keratitis Diagnosis and Management

Shareef,

Saeed

2023

Biology

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Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK) is a severe corneal infection caused by the Acanthamoeba species of protozoa, potentially leading to permanent vision loss. AK requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to mitigate vision impairment. Diagnosing AK is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other corneal infections, and treatment is made complicated by the organism’s dual forms and increasing virulence, and delayed diagnosis. In this review, new approaches in AK diagnostics and treatment within the last 5 years are discussed. The English-language literature on PubMed was reviewed using the search terms “Acanthamoeba keratitis” and “diagnosis” or “treatment” and focused on studies published between 2018 and 2023. Two hundred sixty-five publications were initially identified, of which eighty-seven met inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review highlights the findings of these studies. Notably, advances in PCR-based diagnostics may be clinically implemented in the near future, while antibody-based and machine-learning approaches hold promise for the future. Single-drug topical therapy (0.08% PHMB) may improve drug access and efficacy, while oral medication (i.e., miltefosine) may offer a treatment option for patients with recalcitrant disease.

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Section: Antimicrobial Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in Acanthamoeba Keratitis Diagnosis and Management

Shareef,

Saeed

2023

Biology

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“…In 2022 the group of Heaselgrave et al published their research in to the use of PHMGH, polyaminopropylbiguanide (PAPB), and guazatine, in comparison to the contact lens disinfectant constituent polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), for the treatment of ocular pathogens [ 38 ]. The researchers found that PHMGH was significantly more active (MIC: 0.5 μg/mL) than PHMB (MIC: 3.9 μg/mL) against a strain of Candida albicans .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guanidine-Containing Antifungal Agents against Human-Relevant Fungal Pathogens (2004–2022)—A Review

Baugh

2022

JoF

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The guanidine moiety is typically a highly basic group, and can be found in a wide variety of drugs, such as zanamivir (Relenza) and metformin (Fortamet), as well as in biologically active compounds for numerous disease areas, including central nervous system (CNS) diseases and chemotherapeutics. This review will focus on antifungal agents which contain at least one guanidine group, for the treatment of human-related fungal pathogens, described in the literature between 2004 and 2022. These compounds include small molecules, steroids, polymers, metal complexes, sesquiterpenes, natural products, and polypeptides. It shall be made clear that a diverse range of guanidine-containing derivatives have been published in the literature and have antifungal activity, including efficacy in in vivo experiments.

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