The activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the digestive system of Acanthobdellida, Branchiobdellida and Hirudinida (Annelida, Clitellata) – considerations on similarity and phylogeny

Cichocka, Joanna M.; Bielecki, Aleksander; Świątek, Piotr; Jabłońska‐Barna, Izabela; Kobak, Jarosław; Hildebrand, Joanna; Dmitryjuk, Małgorzata; Struzynski, W.; Rost‐Roszkowska, Magdalena

doi:10.1080/24750263.2020.1851402

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…It has been applied in a wide number of studies to synthetize information obtained from the analysis of multiple digestive enzymes. As an example, PCA was used to evaluate information obtained from the whole spectrum of activity of digestive enzymes in different species of Annelidae in order to identify their food preferences (Cichocka et al, 2021). Also, the digestive enzyme profile was integrated with other parameters (growth related genes, immune and stress indicators) to identify biological responses to the inclusion of camelina meal in diets of red seabream Pagrus major (Mzengereza et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of First Feeding Regime on Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity in Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) Larvae

et al. 2022

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The present study investigates the effects of different feeding regimes with rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia salina on the gene expression and digestive enzymes in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae at 17 days post-hatch (DPH) over a period of 13 days. Five experimental feeding protocols were performed in four replicates. At 4 DPH, the larvae (total length= 5.62 ± 0.03 mm, body weight = 0.66 ± 0.16 mg) were divided into five experimental groups (2-L tanks) at initial density of 100 larvae per liter. Light intensity on the water surface was 90-100 lux and photoperiod was set at 13L: 11D (07:00 to 20:00 h). Water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured before each feeding and the values were 17.8 ± 0.17°C, 7.3 ± 0.04 and 88.5 ± 2.53%. The fish larvae at 5 days post-hatch (DPH), were initially fed with rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) for 3 days and from 8 to 17 DPH were fed with rotifers/Artemia for different time periods as follows: (A) only rotifers; (B) 8–13 DPH rotifers/14–17 DPH Artemia; (C) 8–10 DPH rotifers/11–17 DPH Artemia; (D) only Artemia; (E) a combination of rotifers and Artemia. Frozen paste of algae was added to the larval tanks twice a day (2 x 300,000 cells/mL). Rotifers and Artemia were provided as live feed to larvae three times a day with residual counts prior to each feeding. Feeding densities were steadily increased based on residual counts, performed prior to each feeding. The expression of genes related to intestinal development and maturation (aminopeptidase N, anpep; leucine aminopeptidase 3, lap3; intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase, alpi), together with key pancreatic digestive proenzymes (trypsinogen 1, try1; chymotrypsinogen b, ctrb; carboxyl ester lipase precursor, cel; phospholipase a2, pla2g1b; pancreatic alpha amylase, amy2a), were assessed. Additionally, the activity of six enzymes (trypsin, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, amino peptidase, amylase, and chymotrypsin) were determined. The highest expression of two genes related to intestine (lap3; anpep) were observed in the fish fed a combination of rotifers and Artemia from 8 DPH (Group E). The expression of amy2a, ctrb, pla2g1b, try1 was significantly lower in larvae fed rotifers until 14 DPH and replaced by Artemia afterwards (Group B). The specific activity of brush border membrane enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N) increased with combination of rotifers and Artemia in larval diet (Group E), indicating a more efficient functionality of digestive structures. The groups fed only with rotifers till 17 DPH (Group A) (38 ± 4.07%) and larvae fed with rotifers till 14 DPH followed by feeding with Artemia till 17 DPH (Group B) (36 ± 5.25%) showed significantly (P<0.05) lower survival rates than the other groups (54-67%). The group fed only with rotifers (Group A) showed significantly lower specific growth rate (SGR) than the other groups, and the highest SGR was found in the group fed with combination of rotifers and Artemia after 3 day rotifer feeding (Group E). The highest standard length (8.32 ± 0.48 mm) was obtained by combined feeding of rotifers and Artemia after 3 day of initial rotifer feeding. Combination of rotifers and Artemia from 8 DPH (Group E) could be considered a more appropriate diet for first feeding pikeperch larvae compared with later introduction of Artemia, as indicated by the higher expression of genes and activities of digestive enzymes. Our findings provide new insight into the effect of temporal sequence of rotifers and Artemia on the expression of genes and activities of digestive enzymes in pikeperch larvae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of First Feeding Regime on Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity in Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) Larvae

et al. 2022

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“…Somewhat similarly they have less developed suckers (Bielecki et al, 2014). At the same time, they exhibit features that link them to leeches, such as subdivided segments, eyes, reduced or absent internal segmentation, certain digestive enzymes, no visible clitellum, and several reproductive and nervous system characters (Sawyer, 1986;Brinkhurst & Gelder, 1989;Purschke et al, 1993;Westheide, 1997;Cichocka et al, 2021).…”

Section: Prior Morphological Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida

Carle

Gajda

Bielecki

et al. 2022

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Acanthobdellida gnaw into the sides of salmonid fishes in frigid Arctic lakes and rivers, latching on with fearsome facial hooks. Sister to leeches, they are an ancient lineage with two described species. Unfortunately, Acanthobdellida are rarely collected, leading to a paucity of literature despite their unique morphology. Populations range from Eurasia to Alaska (USA), but few specimens of Acanthobdella peledina are represented in molecular studies, and no molecular data exist for Paracanthobdella livanowi, making their taxonomic position difficult to assess. We use phylogenetics and morphology to determine whether allopatric populations of A. peledina are distinct species and assess the current classification scheme used for Acanthobdellida. We produce a new suborder, Acanthobdelliformes, to match the taxonomy within Hirudinea. Scanning electron micrographs indicate species-level differences in the anterior sucker and facial hooks; molecular phylogenetics mirrors this divergence between species. We assign both species to the family Acanthobdellidae and abandon the family Paracanthobdellidae. Alaskan and European A. peledina populations are morphologically similar, but appear phylogenetically divergent. Our data strongly suggest that members of the order Acanthobdellida diverged relatively recently in their ancient history, but based on genetic distance, this divergence appears to pre-date the most recent cycles of glaciation.

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Selenium-Enriched Spirulina (SeE-SP) Enhance Antioxidant Response, Immunity, and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer

et al. 2022

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The present study examined the efficacy of dietary selenium-enriched spirulina (SeE-SP) on growth performance, antioxidant response, liver and intestinal health, immunity and disease resistance of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. A total of 480 seabass juveniles with an initial weight of 9.22 ± 0.09 g/fish were randomly assigned to four dietary groups. The fish were fed a fishmeal protein replacement diets with SeE-SP at 5%, 10%, and 20%, namely SeE-SP5, SeE-SP10, and SeE-SP20, and a fishmeal-based diet as control for 8 weeks. The results indicated that seabass juveniles fed SeE-SP5 and SeE-SP10 diets grew at the same rate as the fish fed a fishmeal-based control diet after 8 weeks of feeding, while SeE-SP20 grew at a significantly lower rate than the control (p < 0.05). Although most of the measured biochemical parameters were not influenced by the Se-SP diets, serum antioxidant-enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and immunological indices, such as lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin-M, were found significantly higher in the SeE-SP5 and SeE-SP10 diets compared to control. In addition, the fish fed the SeE-SP5 diet showed significantly lower mortalities after the 14-day of bacterial challenge with V. harveyi. These outcomes indicated that up to 10% inclusion of SeE-SP in the diet of juvenile Asian seabass does not compromise growth, while SeE-SP5 enhanced disease resistance in juvenile seabass.

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The activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the digestive system of Acanthobdellida, Branchiobdellida and Hirudinida (Annelida, Clitellata) – considerations on similarity and phylogeny

Cited by 4 publications

References 76 publications

Effects of First Feeding Regime on Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity in Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) Larvae

Effects of First Feeding Regime on Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity in Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) Larvae

Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida

Selenium-Enriched Spirulina (SeE-SP) Enhance Antioxidant Response, Immunity, and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer

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