The activity and stability of Pd/C catalysts in benzene hydrogenation

Jen, Po-Hua; Hsu, Yin-Hou; Lin, Shawn D.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.033

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The extraction of the activation energy from the Arrhenius plot resulted in an apparent activation energy E A = 42.0 kJ mol −1 for the hydrogenation of toluene in the biphasic liquid−liquid system with Ru-NPs/ BMI·NTf 2 ( 6 ). Interestingly, this is similar to those activation energies reported for the transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogenation of toluene ( E A = 40−50 kJ mol −1 ) with solid-phase metal catalysts on solid supports. − …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Interestingly, this is similar to those activation energies reported for the transition-metalcatalyzed hydrogenation of toluene (E A ) 40-50 kJ mol -1 ) with solid-phase metal catalysts on solid supports. [44][45][46][47][48] The calculated reaction order for the toluene concentration is 1.7, and the reaction order of hydrogen was considered as zero at pressures >4 bar, since the reaction rate, in ionic liquids, is a mass-controlled process under a hydrogen pressure of 4 bar. 49 The variation of the imidazolium cations (BMI-DMI) and the corresponding anions (NTf 2 -BF 4 ) showed that the conversions for the ruthenium-catalyzed toluene hydrogenation are similar for most cases (entries 1, 14, and 15, Table 2).…”

Section: Ru Nanoparticles In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Ru(0) Particles: Arene Hydrogenation Catalysts in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

et al. 2008

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The reduction of [Ru(COD)(2-methylallyl) 2 ] (COD ) 1,5-cyclooctadiene) dispersed in various room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs), namely, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMI) and 1-n-decyl-3-methylimidazolium (DMI), associated with the N-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidates (NTf 2 ) and the corresponding tetrafluoroborates (BF 4 ) with hydrogen gas (4 bar) at 50°C leads to well-dispersed immobilized nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the particles dispersed in the ionic liquid shows the presence of [Ru(0)] n nanoparticles (Ru-NPs) of 2.1-3.5 nm in diameter. Nanoparticles with a smaller mean diameter were obtained in the ILs containing the less coordinating anion (NTf 2 ) than that in the tetrafluoroborate analogues. The ruthenium nanoparticles in ionic liquids were used for liquid-liquid biphasic hydrogenation of arenes under mild reaction conditions (50-90°C and 4 bar). The apparent activation energy of E A ) 42.0 kJ mol -1 was estimated for the hydrogenation of toluene in the biphasic liquid-liquid system with Ru-NPs/BMI · NTf 2 . TEM analysis of the ionic liquid material after the hydrogenation reactions shows no significant agglomeration of the [Ru(0)] n nanoparticles. The catalyst ionic liquid phase can be reused several times without a significant loss in catalytic activity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Ru Nanoparticles In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Ru(0) Particles: Arene Hydrogenation Catalysts in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

et al. 2008

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“…65 The metallic cluster went from being anchored by means of a square planar molecular geometry formed by four carbonyl groups, in addition to numerous interactions between the rest of Pd atoms and graphene carbons, to being anchored by only two CO groups and three H atoms. This could cause potential stability problems under H 2 environments as is often observed for Pd NP , 66 resulting in sintering of the metal, although in general, it occurs at relatively elevated temperatures. The Pd SA is not affected by the hydrogenation process, with an elevation height of 1.00 Å in line with the previous values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Design of Pd Nanoclusters and Pd Single-Atom Catalysts Supported on O-Functionalized Graphene

Navarro‐Ruiz

Rivera‐Cárcamo

Machado

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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A crucial step in the preparation of supported metal catalysts is related to the choice of support, since it regulates the anchoring of the metal species in an environment of strong interactions. In this sense, the binding on the support, which may present defects, as well as induced modifications of the electronic structure, helps to determine efficient metal/support combinations for catalysis applications. In this work, first-principles studies have been carried out to model and describe the geometric and electronic properties of O-functionalized graphene as a model carbon support, in addition to a single Pd atom and Pd 13 nanocluster (experimentally observed on various carbon supports) as supported metal catalysts. The carbon-based nanomaterial includes experimentally probed abundant oxygen functional groups and point defects, demonstrating high thermal stability at room temperature. The characterization confirms the structural motifs presented in the model, distinguishing the organic functionalities and various defects using spectroscopy techniques. Interestingly, the oxygenated carbon-based support presents a metallic character when the formal charges in the embedded Pd atom and nanocluster have been determined to be [Pd] + and [Pd 13 ] 3+ . The hydrogenation process of the adsorbed cluster is also presented, with the determination of a ratio between the adsorbed hydrides and the surface metal atoms close to unity at room temperature, thanks to ab initio molecular dynamics.

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“…Pd‐based heterogeneous catalysts have been used in a wide range of important chemical processes including CO oxidation,1, 2 aerobic alcohol oxidation,3 NO x reduction,4 conversions of volatile organic compounds,5, 6 hydrogenation,7–9 and dehydrogenation 10. Recent work has suggested that when the dimensions of the Pd particles are reduced to less than 10 nm the catalysts are extraordinarily active and may exhibit unique properties 11–14.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Active and Sinter‐Resistant Pd‐Nanoparticle Catalysts Encapsulated in Silica

Park

Forman

Tang

et al. 2008

Small

161

126

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The activity and stability of Pd/C catalysts in benzene hydrogenation

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Nanoscale Ru(0) Particles: Arene Hydrogenation Catalysts in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Nanoscale Ru(0) Particles: Arene Hydrogenation Catalysts in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Computational Design of Pd Nanoclusters and Pd Single-Atom Catalysts Supported on O-Functionalized Graphene

Highly Active and Sinter‐Resistant Pd‐Nanoparticle Catalysts Encapsulated in Silica

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