The Activities of the Photosynthetic Carbon Cycle Enzymes of Greening Bean Leaves

Bradbeer, J. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1969.tb06436.x

Cited by 65 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Generally, then, the level of enzyme activity paralleled the increase in photosynthetic capacity. These findings a re in accord with those reported for growing pea leaves (SMILLIE 1963), greening bean leaves (BRADBEER 1969), and developing leaves of Populus deltoides (D ICKMANN 1971).…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Physiological Changes During the Germination of Cattleya aurantiaca (Orchidaceae)

Harrison¹,

Arditti²

1978

Botanical Gazette

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Se~s of Cattleya 011ra11t~aca grown ~ymbiotically on a medium containing sucrose as the sole source of organic carbon developed into leaf-bearing plants. Those sown on the same medium without sugar reached the protocorm stage but did not differentiate further. Cross transfers of seedlings between the two media indicated that following 21-30 days of growth on the sucrose-containing medium subsequent development may_proceed in the absence of sugar. Levels of chlorophyll and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase were monitored and related to the ability of young seedlings to photosynthesize. A direct relationship between chlorophyll content and photosynthesis was not found. Increases in the activity of the enzyme were closely paralleled by increases in phdtosynthesis. A direct relationship was not found between chlorophyll a/ b ratios and photosynthetic capacity. Germinating seeds and seedli ngs grown in the absence of exogenous carbohydrate were unable to convert appreciable amounts of labeled acetate to sugar.

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confidence: 63%

Physiological Changes During the Germination of Cattleya aurantiaca (Orchidaceae)

Harrison¹,

Arditti²

1978

Botanical Gazette

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“…In contrast, dark-grown leaves contain all of the enzymes of the photosynthetic carbon cycle (Bradbeer, 1969;Wara-Aswapati, 1971) and as shown in Fig. 5 there were considerable increases in the enzyme activities during the course of dark development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the conditions described previously (Bradbeer, 1969). Manipulations, sampling and the initial stages of extraction and of fixation for electron microscopy were carried out under the illumination of a dim green safelight (a 2i;-W incandescent bulb behind an llford 'Spectrum Green' filter).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PLASTID DEVELOPMENT IN PRIMARY LEAVES OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

et al. 1974

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Summary By the use of light and electron microscopy a quantitative investigation has been made of plastid membrane formation in the primary leaves of bean plants, during germination and growth in the dark. From 4 to 14 days of dark growth there was an eleven‐fold increase in cell number and a twenty‐six‐fold increase in plastid number per leaf. Formation of plastid envelope membrane between 6 and 14 days of dark growth amounted to 98 cm2 of membrane per leaf while the corresponding formation of internal plastid membrane was 272 cm2 per leaf. This internal plastid membrane appears to be formed, at least during the early stages of leaf growth, by the invagination of the inner envelope membrane. When a substantial amount of the thylakoid membrane has accumulated in the plastid a condensation process takes place to give the pro‐lamellar body, which is a structure composed of branching membrane tubules. Calculations based on the dimensions of these tubules have established that 1 μ3 of prolamellar body contains about 44 μ2 of membrane. Dark‐grown leaves have been found to contain all of the enzymes of the photosynthetic carbon cycle. The course of development, during dark growth, has been determined for the activities of eight enzymes of the photosynthetic carbon cycle and for two enzymes of the cytoplasm.

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“…Numerous reports suggest that continued synthesis of RNA and proteins is required both for events occurring in the lag phase and for the accumulation of chlorophyll. Most reports on the effect of light on the synthesis of allegedly mRNA and proteins deal with periods of 2 to 6 hr after the beginning of illumination (5,9,16,18,20,24,31,32). However, several authors reported effects on certain enzymes after much shorter periods (2,6,7,18).…”

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Light-induced Changes in the Pattern of Protein Synthesis during the Early Stages of Greening of Etiolated Maize Leaves

Kaveh

Harel²

1973

Plant Physiol.

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The effect of light on protein synthesis during the early stages of greening of etiolated maize (Zea mays) leaves was studied using double labeling with leucine and fractionation of proteins by gel filtration and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The incorporation of labeled leucine into a relatively small number of plastid proteins is effected within the first 30 to 60 minutes of illumination. These proteins do not accumulate with time. When illumination is prolonged, additional proteins are effected.Experiments using inhibitors of protein synthesis suggest that at least some of the proteins effected by 1 hour of illumination might be synthesized in the cytoplasm and not in plastids. Actinomycin D inhibits the incorporation of labeled leucine into some of the protein fractions, but enhances the incorporation into other fractions far above the effect exerted by light.Leaves of dark-grown plants green when they are transferred to light. Greening, which ultimately results in the formation of a functioning photosynthetic apparatus, involves many interrelated processes. These include structural rearrangement, synthesis of RNA and proteins, and a phase of rapid synthesis of chlorophyll which follows a lag period (2-4, 18). Numerous reports suggest that continued synthesis of RNA and proteins is required both for events occurring in the lag phase and for the accumulation of chlorophyll. Most reports on the effect of light on the synthesis of allegedly mRNA and proteins deal with periods of 2 to 6 hr after the beginning of illumination (5,9,16, 18,20,24,31,32). However, several authors reported effects on certain enzymes after much shorter periods (2,6,7, 18 MATERIALS AND METHODSMaize (Zea mays) (WF9 X B37-single cross from Illinois Foundation Seeds Inc.) was grown in vermiculite in the dark at 25 C. Leaves from 8-to 9-day-old plants were harvested under a green safelight, and isotopes were applied as previously described (13). The isotope solutions were brought to identical specific radioactivity with sterilized distilled water and L-leucine solution. The purity of the isotope solutions was examined by paper chromatography and radiochromatography. After a period of uptake in the dark the leaves were either transferred to light (400-600 ft-c) or left in the dark.Isolation of Plastids in a Nonaqueous Medium. Leaves which received various treatments were freeze-dried and 2 g were ground with mortar and pestle in 40 ml of ice cold CCL. The homogenate was filtered through glass wool and 2 ml of n-hexane layered over the filtrate in the centrifugation tube. The tubes were then centrifuged at 13,000g for 15 min in a Sorvall HB-535 rotor. The plastids, which concentrated in the hexane layer at the top, were layered over a mixture of CCl, and n-hexane (100:36) and centrifuged at 13,000g for 15 min. The precipitate consisted mainly of plastids as judged by observations with light and fluorescence microscopes. The precipitate was either extracted with 1% Triton X-100, and the supernatant resulting from centrifuging at 100...

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The Activities of the Photosynthetic Carbon Cycle Enzymes of Greening Bean Leaves

Cited by 65 publications

References 32 publications

Physiological Changes During the Germination of Cattleya aurantiaca (Orchidaceae)

Physiological Changes During the Germination of Cattleya aurantiaca (Orchidaceae)

PLASTID DEVELOPMENT IN PRIMARY LEAVES OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

Light-induced Changes in the Pattern of Protein Synthesis during the Early Stages of Greening of Etiolated Maize Leaves

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