The active site for the water oxidising anodic iridium oxide probed through <i>in situ</i> Raman spectroscopy

Pavlović, Zoran; Ranjan, Chinmoy; Gastel, Maurice van; Schlögl, Robert

doi:10.1039/c7cc05669a

Cited by 76 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This can aid in understanding the origins of both positive and negative changes in the performance upon modification of a catalyst, or during extended operation. Among the most powerful in situ electrochemical techniques that enable probing both catalyst and surface intermediates are methods using X-rays in different modes 43,44 ; useful information on the speciation of adsorbates can be also derived using in situ IR 45 , and Raman spectroscopy 46,47 . Some of the most recent and truly outstanding developments in the in situ analysis of electrocatalysts are associated with liquid phase transmission electron microscopy that reveals nanometre-scale restructuring of catalysts in action 48 .…”

Section: Hydrogen Versus Ammoniathe Catalyst Conundrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and prospects in the catalysis of electroreduction of nitrogen to ammonia

et al. 2019

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Ammonia is a widely produced chemical that is the basis of most fertilisers. However, it is currently derived from fossil fuels and there is an urgent need to develop sustainable approaches to its production. Ammonia is also being considered as a renewable energy carrier, allowing efficient storage and transportation of renewables. For these reasons, the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is currently being intensely investigated as the basis for future mass production of ammonia from renewables. This Perspective critiques current steps and miss-steps towards this important goal in terms of experimental methodology and catalyst selection, proposing a protocol for rigorous experimentation. We discuss the issue of catalyst selectivity and the approaches to promoting the NRR over H 2 production. Finally, we translate these mechanistic discussions, and the key metrics being pursued in the field, into the bigger picture of ammonia production by other sustainable processes, discussing benchmarks by which NRR progress can be assessed.

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Section: Hydrogen Versus Ammoniathe Catalyst Conundrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and prospects in the catalysis of electroreduction of nitrogen to ammonia

et al. 2019

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“…17,29,[46][47][48][49][50][51]68,95 (c) The green-colored cycle is characterized by the redox of the IrvO state. 17,58,[67][68][69] (d) The orange-colored cycle involves the lattice oxygen, where the orange and black O represent the lattice oxygen and adsorbed oxygen species, respectively. 63,65,[71][72][73][74] The squares represent the initial state of each cycle, and the dashed lines indicate the dissolution path of iridium species.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Evidence To Support the Claimed Catalytic Cyclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1c was provided using Raman spectroscopy. 58,69 In 2020, Saeed et al conducted in situ shellisolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) 58 using electrochemically deposited iridium oxide in 0.1 M NaClO 4 solution at pH 10 at varying potentials from OCP to 1.8 V vs. Ag/Ag + (corresponding to 2.6 V vs. RHE at pH 10). 58 The measured spectra shown in Fig.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Evidence To Support the Claimed Catalytic Cyclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in understanding oxygen evolution reaction mechanisms over iridium oxide

Naitô

Shinagawa

Nishimoto

et al. 2021

Inorg. Chem. Front.

101

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“…K + cations present in smaller amounts in the iridium oxohydroxides obtained for KOH/Ir (5:1) play a major role in stabilizing a high‐performance iridium oxohydroxide phase containing high amounts of OER‐relevant hydroxyl groups. These studies provided several important clues for the structural features that determined the OER performance of iridium oxohydroxides …”

Section: Progress In Catalysts For the Oermentioning

confidence: 99%

Iridium‐Based Catalysts for Solid Polymer Electrolyte Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

et al. 2019

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Chemical energy conversion/storage through water splitting for hydrogen production has been recognized as the ideal solution to the transient nature of renewable energy sources. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis is one of the most practical ways to produce pure H2. Electrocatalysts are key materials in the SPE water electrolysis. At the anode side, electrode materials catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) require specific properties. Among the reported materials, only iridium presents high activity and is more stable. In this Minireview, an application overview of single iridium metal and its oxide catalysts—binary, ternary, and multicomponent catalysts of iridium oxides and supported composite catalysts—for the OER in SPE water electrolysis is presented. Two main strategies to improve the activity of an electrocatalyst system, namely, increasing the number of active sites and the intrinsic activity of each active site, are reviewed with detailed examples. The challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed.

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The active site for the water oxidising anodic iridium oxide probed through in situ Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

Challenges and prospects in the catalysis of electroreduction of nitrogen to ammonia

Challenges and prospects in the catalysis of electroreduction of nitrogen to ammonia

Recent advances in understanding oxygen evolution reaction mechanisms over iridium oxide

Iridium‐Based Catalysts for Solid Polymer Electrolyte Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

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