The Active Role of Leguminous Plant Components in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes appears to be one of the most frequent noncommunicable diseases in the world. A permanent growth in the incidence of diabetes can be observed and according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) the year 2030 will mark the increase in the number of diabetics to 439 mln worldwide. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% of all diabetes incidence. Nutrition model modification not only features the basic element in type 2 diabetes treatment but also constitutes the fundamental factor influencing a morbidity rate decrease. Leguminous plants are a key factor in the diabetic diet; plants such as pulses or soybeans are nutritious products valued highly in nutrition. These legumes are high in the content of wholesome protein and contain large amounts of soluble alimentary fiber fractions, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, and bioactive substances with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. They are distinguished by the high amount of bioactive compounds that may interfere with the metabolism of glucose. The most significant bioactive compounds displaying antidiabetic activity in leguminous plants are as follows: genistein and daidzein, alpha-amylase inhibitors, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. In vitro research using leguminous plant extracts has confirmed their antidiabetic properties. Leguminous plants should be employed in the promotion of healthy lifestyles in terms of functional food.

The Impact of Sourdough Fermentation on Non‐Nutritive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Flours from Different Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Genotypes

“…Conversely, αAI can exert positive effects on human health by decreasing postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels through starch-blocking properties. Several studies have exploited the use of this molecule to control obesity as well as in the prevention and treatment of diabetes (Barrett & Udani, 2011;Getek et al, 2014;Tucci, Boyland, & Halford, 2010). Also αAI is a thermolabile protein whose activity can be affected by cooking.…”

An Insight into the Prophylactic Effects of the Leguminosae Family Plants against Oxidative Stress-Induced Pathophysiological Conditions

“…In type 2 diabetes mellitus, dietary supplementation of genistein and (S)-equol (a metabolite of diadzine) is found to be effective against the pathophysiological conditions. It can modulate the expression of an insulin-inducible transcription factor SHARP-2 and regulate the blood glucose level [154,155]. Genistein can also modulate the activity of GLUT-1, a glucose transporter and inhibit the cellular uptake of glucose [156].…”

Phytobioactive compound-based nanodelivery systems for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus – current status

“…[201][202][203][204][205][206][207] Regular consumption of genisteinrich foods has shown improved beneficial activities in many chronic diseases. Soy isoflavone-incorporated health drinks are permitted in the US for their improved beneficial actions.…”