The activation of IL-8 receptors in cultured guinea pig Müller glial cells is modified by signals from retinal pigment epithelium

PurposeThe analysis of gene expression in idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs) may help elucidate ERM formation and its pathology. Here, we conducted a case-control study, in order to determine the expression levels of cytokines and other genes in eyes with macular hole (MH) or iERM.MethodsTwenty eyes, obtained from seven male and 13 female patients, were included in the study. The average age of the study subjects was 69.1 ± 7.67 years, and 15 eyes had iERM, while five eyes had MH. Irrigation solution samples were collected during vitrectomy, centrifuged, and the levels of cytokine and other mRNAs in the sediment were assessed using real-time PCR. The expression level of 11 cytokine genes, four transcription factor genes, two cytoskeletal genes, and genes encoding two extracellular matrix proteins in eyes with MH or iERM were determined and compared.ResultsThe expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor growth factor B2 (TGFB2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and tenascin C (TNC) were significantly higher in eyes with iERM than in eyes with MH. The expression of these genes was not associated with the preoperative visual acuity of the investigated patients.ConclusionsThe obtained results indicate that real-time PCR analysis of irrigation solution samples collected during vitrectomy can help assess the expression levels of several genes, and that iERM is associated with the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and the genes expressed during angiogenesis and wound healing process (IL6, TGFB2, VEGFA, CXCL1, RELA, GFAP, and TNC).

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“…Iwona et al . [ 22 ] reported that RPE-stimulated Müller glial cells react to recombinant human CXCL1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Analysis of the Irrigation Solution Samples Collected during Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane

et al. 2016

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“…Another example of this includes insult-dependent progression of cystic fibrosis, the development of which relies on sustained IL-8 production by airway epithelium [21]. Similarly, response to some ocular inflammatory diseases may rely on glial cell stimulation via IL-8 released from retinal epithelial cells [22]. Finally, in corneal wound healing disruption of the Bowman layer resulted in an epithelial-induced keratopathy characterized by a fibroblast-mediated scarring [23].…”

Section: Epithelial Barrier Function and The Reactive Stroma Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The functional role of reactive stroma in benign prostatic hyperplasia

2011

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The human prostate gland is one of the only internal organs that continue to enlarge throughout adulthood. The specific mechanisms that regulate this growth, as well as the pathological changes leading to the phenotype observed in the disease benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), are essentially unknown. Recent studies and their associated findings have made clear that many complex alterations occur, involving persistent and chronic inflammation, circulating hormonal level deregulation, and aberrant wound repair processes. BPH has been etiologically characterized as a progressive, albeit discontinuous, hyperplasia of both the glandular epithelial and stromal cell compartments coordinately yielding an expansion of the prostate gland and clinical symptoms. Interestingly, the inflammatory and repair responses observed in BPH are also key components of general wound repair in post-natal tissues. These responses include altered expression of chemokines, cytokines, matrix remodeling factors, chronic inflammatory processes, altered immune surveillance and recognition, as well as the formation of a prototypical ‘reactive’ stroma which is similar to that observed across various fibroplasias and malignancies of a variety of tissue sites. Stromal tissue, both embryonic mesenchyme, and adult reactive stroma myofibroblasts, has been shown to exert potent and functional regulatory control over epithelial proliferation and differentiation as well as immunoresponsive modulation. Thus, the functional biology of a reactive stroma, within the context of an adult disease typified by epithelial and stromal aberrant hyperplasia, is critical to understand within the context of prostate disease and beyond. The mechanisms that regulate reactive stroma biology in BPH represent targets of opportunity for new therapeutic approaches that may extend to other tissue contexts. Accordingly, this review seeks to address the dissection of important factors, signaling pathways, genes, and other regulatory components that mediate the interplay between epithelium and stromal responses in BPH.

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“…IL-8 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine involved in the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, and acts at two G-protein-coupled receptors (CXCR1 and 2). Glial cells in epiretinal PVR membranes, as well as cultured Müller cells, express IL-8 and IL-8 receptors (while in the normal retina, the expression of IL-8 receptors seems to be restricted to neurons) [217,218]. IL-8 evokes cytosolic calcium responses in Müller cells [217,218].…”

Section: Factors Involved In Müller Cell Gliosis and Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glial cells in epiretinal PVR membranes, as well as cultured Müller cells, express IL-8 and IL-8 receptors (while in the normal retina, the expression of IL-8 receptors seems to be restricted to neurons) [217,218]. IL-8 evokes cytosolic calcium responses in Müller cells [217,218]. Müller cell-derived IL-8 may participate in the development of retinal inflammation, and activation of IL-8 receptors may support gliotic responses such as cellular dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration.…”

Section: Factors Involved In Müller Cell Gliosis and Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Müller glial cells in epiretinal membrane formation

Bringmann

Wiedemann

2009

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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173

114

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The activation of IL-8 receptors in cultured guinea pig Müller glial cells is modified by signals from retinal pigment epithelium

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Gene Expression Analysis of the Irrigation Solution Samples Collected during Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane

Gene Expression Analysis of the Irrigation Solution Samples Collected during Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane

The functional role of reactive stroma in benign prostatic hyperplasia

Involvement of Müller glial cells in epiretinal membrane formation

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