The Activation Energy of Vulcanization

Franck, Adolf; Hafner, Kellye Padgett; Kern, Wolfgang

doi:10.5254/1.3539897

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This value was roughly confirmed by thermochemical calculations [35]. In another work, the activation energy was investigated on semi-efficiently cured, unfilled natural rubber samples using precise measurements of free sulfur content by Franck et al and evaluated to be 99 kJ/mol [36]. More recently, carbon-black-filled rubbers, including EPDM, were investigated by vulcametry.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 81%

Mastering of Filled Rubber Strength beyond WLF: Competition of Temperature, Time, Crack Deflection and Bond Breaking

Plagge

2022

Polymers

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Tensile strength is an important indicator for elastomer toughness. However, in filled materials, its dependency on temperature and time appears to be poorly understood. We present experimental tensile data of carbon-black-filled ethylene propylene diene rubber at different temperatures. Tensile strength vs. filler loading exhibited a temperature-dependent S-shape and could be rescaled to collapse onto a single master curve. A model based on the extension of the time–temperature superposition principle, crack deflection, and breakage of covalent bonds is proposed. It successfully predicted the behavior of tensile strength due to the change of the filler particle size and filler amount, temperature variation, and deformation speed typically found in the literature. Moreover, stress relaxation during temperature ramp-up was reproduced correctly. Altogether, the successful modeling suggests that the true toughness of rubber (e.g., chemical bonds) becomes important once enough crack-screening filler is present.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 81%

Mastering of Filled Rubber Strength beyond WLF: Competition of Temperature, Time, Crack Deflection and Bond Breaking

Plagge

2022

Polymers

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“…Estos tiempos dependen de los ingredientes empleados en la formulación, como por ejemplo los acelerantes y la estabilidad de los mismos, lo cual influye directamente en la energía de activación del proceso químico de vulcanización (Franck et al, 1962;Heideman, 2004;Morrison and Porter, 1984a).…”

Section: Reacción De Vulcanizaciónunclassified

Efecto del sistema de vulcanización en la red entrecruzada y en la reacción química de vulcanización del caucho natural

Yepes

Restrepo

Vásquez

et al. 2018

reveia

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RESUMENSe presenta una revisión sobre el efecto del sistema de vulcanización en la estructura formada durante la reacción de vulcanización, en la cinética de la reacción y en las propiedades de formulaciones que emplean caucho natural. Se encontró que aún existen aspectos por investigar dada la variedad de acelerantes, proporciones acelerante/azufre, tipos de caucho natural y formulaciones que emplean caucho natural. La mayor parte de la literatura evalúa la reacción de vulcanización mediante reometría de vulcanización y calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC), pero estas técnicas no permiten identificar el tipo de enlaces sulfídicos formados ni la densidad de enlaces entrecruzados. La temática es de gran interés científico e industrial pues el caucho natural es el caucho más comercializado a nivel mundial, y su vulcanización se realiza en la gran mayoría de las formulaciones empleando azufre como agente entrecruzante. PALABRAS CLAVES:Caucho natural, sistema de vulcanización, reacción de vulcanización, red entrecruzada, agente vulcanizante, acelerantes Revista EIA, ISSN 1794-1237 / Año XIV / Volumen 14 / Edición N.28 / Julio-Diciembre 2017 / pp. 99-115 Publicación semestral de carácter técnico-científico / Universidad EIA, Envigado (Colombia)

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“…The other method to determine t90was determined by using Arrhenius equation [3,14]: (7) where tr is equivalent cure time at temperature Tr and Ea was obtained from autocatalytic model in Table 2. The results between autocatalytic model (Equation 6) and Arrhenius model ( Equation 7) and experiment are listed in Table 3.…”

Section: Cure Time Prediction Of Epdm Thermal Insulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulcanization Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Thermal Insulation

Fathurrohman¹,

Maspanger²,

Sutrisno

2015

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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The vulcanization kinetics of Ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber thermal insulation was studied by using rheometer under isothermal condition at different temperatures. The rheometry analysis was used to determine the cure kinetic parameters and predicting the optimum curing time of EPDM thermal insulation. The experimental results revealed that the curing curves of EPDM thermal insulation were marching and the optimum curing time decreased with the increasing of temperature. The kinetic parameters were determined from the autocatalytic model that showed a close fitting with the experimental results. It also indicated a suitability of autocatalytic model in characterizing the cure kinetics. The optimum curing time was predicted from autocatalytic model and the kinetic parameters were obtained by using the relationship between degree of conversion, cure temperature, and cure time. The predictions of cure time provided information on the actual curing characteristic of EPDM thermal insulation. The mechanical properties of EPDM thermal insulation with different vulcanization temperatures showed the same hardness, tensile strength and modulus at 300%, except at temperature 70 o C, while the elongation at breaking point decreased with the increasing temperature of vulcanization.

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The Activation Energy of Vulcanization

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Mastering of Filled Rubber Strength beyond WLF: Competition of Temperature, Time, Crack Deflection and Bond Breaking

Mastering of Filled Rubber Strength beyond WLF: Competition of Temperature, Time, Crack Deflection and Bond Breaking

Efecto del sistema de vulcanización en la red entrecruzada y en la reacción química de vulcanización del caucho natural

Vulcanization Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Thermal Insulation

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