The action of X-rays on certain bacteria

Pugsley, A. T.; Oddie, T. H.; Eddy, C. E.

doi:10.1098/rspb.1935.0057

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…More specifically, Blau and Altenburger (4), supporting the view of Chick (23) and of Kronig and Paul (48), reported that the destruction of microorganisms by radiation yielded unimolecular dose-response curves, leading those authors to conclude that the death of cells was produced by 1 or, at most, a few quanta of energy. Such an interpretation was subsequently adopted by early radiation response theoreticians (31,44,61,83). Thus, the theoretical constructs of radiation dose-response evolved from the earlier debate sparked over the interpretation of disinfection dose-response issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Marginalization of Hormesis

Calabrese

Baldwin

1999

Toxicol Pathol

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Despite the substantial development and publication of highly reproducible toxicological data, the concept of hormetic dose-response relationships was never integrated into the mainstream of toxicological thought. Review of the historical foundations of the interpretation of the bioassay and assessment of competitive theories of dose-response relationships lead to the conclusion that multiple factors contributed to the marginalization of hormesis during the middle and subsequent decades of the 20th Century. These factors include the following: (a) the close association of hormesis with homeopathy, which led to the hostility of modern medicine toward homeopathy, thereby creating a guilt-by-association framework, and the carryover influence of that hostility toward hormesis in the judgements of medically based pharmacologists/toxicologists; (b) the emphasis of high-dose effects linked with a lack of appreciation of the significance of the implications of low-dose stimulatory effects; (c) the lack of an evolution-based mechanism(s) to account for hormetic effects; and (d) lack of appropriate scientific advocates to counter aggressive and intellectually powerful critics of the hormetic perspective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Marginalization of Hormesis

Calabrese

Baldwin

1999

Toxicol Pathol

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“…Based upon such observations, these authors concluded that the death of cells was mediated via one or at most a few quanta of energy. Such efforts provided the experimental and intellectual framework that was adopted by leading physicists for radiation target theory [7,8,9,10], which was subsequently applied to the newly emerging X-ray mutational data of Muller [11] and Timoféeff-Ressovsky et al [12] leading to the LNT-single hit theory for genomic mutations, an hypothesis later generalized for radiation and chemically induced cancers [13]. Thus, the theoretical basis of radiation dose–response and the LNT-single hit theory evolved directly from the work of Chick on chemical disinfection.…”

Section: The Birth Of Dose Response Modernitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine

Calabrese

2016

IJMS

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A historical assessment of the origin of the dose–response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose–response models emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and competed for acceptance and dominance. Particular attention is directed to the hormetic model for which a general description and evaluation is provided, including its historical basis, and how it was marginalized by the medical and pharmacology communities in the early decades of the 20th century.

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“…THE TARGET THEORY As most workers (Lacassagne & Holweck, 1934;Wyckoff, 1930;Hefcfk, 1933;Pugsley, Oddie & Eddy, 1935;Lea et at. 1936) in this field have done, we interpret our experiments in terms of the target theory.…”

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confidence: 99%

The bactericidal action of X-rays, neutrons and radioactive radiations

Lea¹,

Haines²,

Bretscher³

1941

J. Hyg.

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Experiments are reported in which the bactericidal effect of α-, β- and γ-rays of radium, X-rays of various wave-lengths, and neutrons, has been observed, particularly on Bact. coli and spores of B. mesentericus. It is shown that the survival curves are exponential and that the lethal dose is independent of the intensity of the radiation and of the temperature during the irradiation. The lethal dose varies for different radiations, being, in the case of vegetative bacteria, greatest for those radiations, particularly α-rays, which produce their ionizations close together.These experimental facts can all be explained on the view that the “lethal” action of radiation is really the production of lethal mutations. It is deduced that the number of “genes” in Bact. coli is of the order of 1000.

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The action of X-rays on certain bacteria

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

The Marginalization of Hormesis

The Marginalization of Hormesis

The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine

The bactericidal action of X-rays, neutrons and radioactive radiations

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