The action of simulated and true weightlessness on the digestive tract of rats

Groza, P; Bordeianu, A; Cananău, S; Boca, Andreea; Petrescu, Anca D.; Lungu, D

doi:10.1016/0273-1177(81)90260-x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…No changes in PG morphology were seen by light microscopy in mice flown for 12.5 days on Apollo 17 [37]. The SMG of rats flown for 18.5 days on Cosmos 936 and Cosmos 1129 showed a reduced glycoprotein content as determined by light microscopic histochemical staining [38,39]. The saliva of 18 astronauts making up the primary and backup crews for Skylab missions of 28-, 59-and 84-days was analyzed preflight and postflight for flow rate, electrolytes, protein, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and lysozyme [40].…”

Section: Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Tissue Responses to Travel in Space

Mednieks¹,

Hand²

2019

Space Medicine [Working Title]

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The oral cavity functions in taste, mastication, solubilization and digestion of nutrients, as well as in respiration and speech, and participates in innate and adaptive immunity. Saliva creates and regulates the environment of the oral cavity, and changes in its composition and rate of secretion have significant effects on oral tissues as well as on systemic health. The effects of microgravity on the salivary glands, mandible and teeth were studied in mice flown on US space shuttle STS-131 and STS-135 missions, and the Russian Bion-M1 biosatellite. Significant changes in morphology and secretory protein expression occurred in parotid glands; submandibular glands were affected only on the 30-day Bion-M1 mission, indicating tissue specificity of the effects due to changes in gravity which may be similar to those taking place in humans. Changes also occurred in mandibular bone and incisor teeth. Collection of saliva is a non-invasive procedure for assessing physiological status and diagnosis of several disorders and provides a simple method for monitoring astronaut health during extended spaceflight.

show abstract

Section: Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Tissue Responses to Travel in Space

Mednieks¹,

Hand²

2019

Space Medicine [Working Title]

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To the best of our knowledge, oral microorganisms are closely associated with oral diseases such as caries ( Dinis et al, 2022 ), periodontitis ( Plachokova et al, 2021 ), and oral cancer ( Zhang et al, 2019 ); they are also involved in various systemic diseases such as diabetes ( Matsha et al, 2020 ), Alzheimer’s disease ( Dominy et al, 2019 ), pancreatic cancer ( Fan et al, 2018 ), and colorectal cancer ( Wang et al, 2021 ). Previous and recent studies have also suggested that oral soft and hard tissues, including salivary glands ( Groza et al, 1981 , 1983 ; Mednieks and Hand, 1987 ; Mednieks et al, 2014 ; Dagdeviren et al, 2018a ; Hand et al, 2020 ), mandibles ( Simmons et al, 1983 ; Ghosh et al, 2016 ; Dagdeviren et al, 2018b ), and teeth ( Rosenberg et al, 1984 ; Dagdeviren et al, 2018b ), are affected by spaceflight. The risk of dental diseases, such as caries and periodontitis, increases in a microgravity environment ( Rai and Kaur, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Short-term head-down bed rest microgravity simulation alters salivary microbiome in young healthy men

Sun

Zhou²,

Qiao³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microgravity influences are prevalent during orbital flight and can adversely affect astronaut physiology. Notably, it may affect the physicochemical properties of saliva and the salivary microbial community. Therefore, this study simulates microgravity in space using a ground-based −6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) test to observe the effects of microgravity on oral salivary secretion function and the salivary microbiome. Sixteen healthy young male volunteers were recruited for the 15-day −6° HDBR test. Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected on day 1 (pre-HDBR), on days 5, 10, and 15 of HDBR, and day 6 of recovery. Salivary pH and salivary flow rate were measured, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and analyzed in 80 saliva samples. The results showed that there were no significant differences in salivary pH, salivary flow rate, and alpha diversity between any two time points. However, beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between pre-HDBR and the other four time points. After HDBR, the relative abundances of Actinomyces, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, Oribacterium, and Capnocytophaga increased significantly, whereas the relative abundances of Neisseria and Haemophilus decreased significantly. However, the relative abundances of Oribacterium and Capnocytophaga did not recover to the pre-HDBR level on day 6 of recovery. Network analysis revealed that the number of relationships between genera decreased, and the positive and negative correlations between genera changed in a complex manner after HDBR and did not reach their original levels on day 6 of recovery. PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that some gene functions of the salivary microbiome also changed after HDBR and remained significantly different from those before HDBR on day 6 of recovery. Collectively, 15 days of −6° HDBR had minimal effect on salivary secretion function but resulted in significant changes in the salivary microbiome, mainly manifested as an increase in oral disease-related bacteria and a decrease in oral health-related commensal bacteria. Further research is required to confirm these oral microbial changes and explore the underlying pathological mechanisms to determine the long-term effects on astronauts embarking on long-duration voyages to outer space.

show abstract

“…Previous studies of animals and humans after travel in space have documented alterations in several tissues and organ systems, including skeletal, immune, cardiovascular, nervous and gastrointestinal (e.g., Borchers et al, 2002;Hargens and Richardson, 2009;Nagaraja and Risin, 2013;Latchney et al, 2014;Porseva et al, 2017;Demontis et al, 2017;Garrett-Bakelman et al, 2019). Early and more recent studies have demonstrated that oral hard and soft tissues, including the mandible (Simmons et al, 1983;Ghosh et al, 2016;Dagdeviren et al, 2018b), teeth (Rosenberg et al, 1984;Dagdeviren et al, 2018b), salivary glands (Groza et al, 1981(Groza et al, , 1983Hand, 1985, 1987;Mednieks et al, 2014Mednieks et al, , 2015Dagdeviren et al, 2018a) and saliva (Brown et al, 1977), are significantly affected by spaceflight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of spaceflight on the mouse submandibular gland

Hand

Dagdeviren

Larson

et al. 2020

Archives of Oral Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: This study was conducted to determine if the morphology and biochemistry of the mouse submandibular gland is affected by microgravity and the spaceflight environment.Design: Tissues from female mice flown on the US space shuttle missions Space Transportation System (STS)-131 and STS-135 for 15 and 13 d, respectively, and from male mice flown on the 30 d Russian Bion-M1 biosatellite, were examined using transmission electron microscopy and light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. Results:In contrast to the parotid gland, morphologic changes were not apparent in the submandibular gland. No significant changes in protein expression, as assessed by quantitative immunogold labeling, occurred in female mice flown for 13-15 d. In male mice, however, increased labeling for salivary androgen binding protein alpha (in acinar cell secretory granules), and epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor (in granular convoluted duct cell granules) was seen after 30 d in space. Conclusion:These results indicate that spaceflight alters secretory protein expression in the submandibular gland and suggest that the sex of the animals and the length of the flight may affect the response. These findings also show that individual salivary glands respond differently to spaceflight. Saliva contains proteins secreted from salivary glands and is easily collected, therefore is a useful biofluid for general medical analyses and in particular for monitoring the physiology and health of astronauts.

show abstract

The action of simulated and true weightlessness on the digestive tract of rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Oral Tissue Responses to Travel in Space

Oral Tissue Responses to Travel in Space

Short-term head-down bed rest microgravity simulation alters salivary microbiome in young healthy men

Effects of spaceflight on the mouse submandibular gland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About