The ACTH challenge and its repeatability in fattening bulls—influences of physiological state, challenge time standardization, and horn status

Reiche, Anna-Maria; Hankele, Anna-Katharina; Heß, Hans; Dohme‐Meier, F.; Ulbrich, Susanne E.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.03.001

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, basal salivary HC concentrations are poorly correlated to those found in blood during feeding and drinking procedures ( 30 ), and it is possible that only intense stress or pain, mimicked by an ATCH challenge, can affect salivary HC ( 1 ). Basal salivary HC concentrations observed in this experiment are comparable with those measured in newborn calves ( 31 ), fattening bulls ( 11 ), and dairy cows ( 28 – 30 ), even though many samples fell in the lower portion of the concentration ranges reported in those papers. This last finding can be explained, at least in part, by a slight underestimation of HC concentrations by our RIA method, as suggested by the recovery test.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In the second-generation offspring, high ACTH responders seemed more capable to respond to acute social stress and display increased resistance to pathogens, and an overall less pronounced stress effects (9). Higher lymphocyte counts and TNFα secretion were confirmed in the third generation of high ACTH responders, which display also a greater oxygen-carrying capacity (10). Conversely, in cattle, despite the use of ACTH challenge is considered as appropriate to investigate the HPA axis (6), we are not aware of studies aiming at assessing the heritability of the HPA response to ACTH and exploring the possibility to genetically select for HPA responsiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Conversely, in cattle, despite the use of ACTH challenge is considered as appropriate to investigate the HPA axis ( 6 ), we are not aware of studies aiming at assessing the heritability of the HPA response to ACTH and exploring the possibility to genetically select for HPA responsiveness. A recent work explored the repeatability of the ACTH response in growing bulls, which is a relevant issue when performing studies that allocate cattle to groups of low and high HC responders ( 11 ). Results of that study did not fully support the hypothesis that salivary HC responsiveness to ACTH in fattening bulls is repeatable, and suggest that the effect of the physiological state can have a profound influence on ACTH responsiveness in these animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and humidity index (THI) affects salivary cortisol (HC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations in growing bulls following stress generated by performance test procedures

Giaretta¹,

Mongillo²,

Dalt³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The hypothalamus-pituitary–adrenal axis response to a challenge was proposed for genetic selection of robust and resilient animals. As ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) test and hormone measurements in blood may result impractical, it may be useful to measure salivary hormones in response to natural stressors, after an accurate biological validation, to control factors that could contribute to the response. We evaluated whether animal handling during performance test affects salivary HC and DHEA secretion and could be used for selection. We tested the effects of habituation to repeated handling and THI as putative bias. Bull calves (N = 273) undergoing performance test were sampled at 8–9 and 11–13 months (N = 101), 8–9 months (N = 131), or 11–13 months (N = 41). On each test day (D0), calves were isolated, conducted to a squeeze chute and immobilized for 6 min. Saliva samples were collected in the morning after feed administration (T0), and after 6 min immobilization in the squeeze chute (T1) for HC and DHEA measurement. Environmental temperature and relative humidity were recorded every hour from 1:00 h to 24:00 h during the 6 days before the performance test and on D0. Salivary HC and DHEA concentrations were higher in T1 (p < 0.01), although a clear individual positive response to handling could be observed in less than 10% of subjects. The mixed model revealed: (i) HC and HC/DHEA were higher in Young bulls (p < 0.05). (ii) The time of T0 sample collection significantly affected DHEA (p < 0.01) and HC/DHEA (p < 0.05). (iii) THI affected both steroids (p < 0.001) but not HC/DHEA. Spearman correlations suggested that THI weakly affected salivary HC at T0 only (ρ = 0.150, p < 0.01), while moderate statistically significant correlations were found between DHEA and THI at T0 (ρ = 0.316, p < 0.001), and T1 (ρ = 0.353, p < 0.001). Salivary HC and DHEA in response to handling procedures might identify subpopulations of subjects with sensitive HPA axis. Habituation to repeated handling played a role, as the hormone response was lower in older animals. Chronic exposure to high THI had a minor effect on salivary HC visible at T0. A more intense THI effect was observed on salivary DHEA concentrations at both T0 and T1, which should be worth of further investigations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and humidity index (THI) affects salivary cortisol (HC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations in growing bulls following stress generated by performance test procedures

Giaretta¹,

Mongillo²,

Dalt³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Disbudded calves initiated more agonistic body contacts as adults than horned cattle (Knierim et al, 2015;Lutz et al, 2019), although the opposite pattern was reported during a food competition test (Reiche et al, 2020a). Compared to horned cattle, calves disbudded around 2 months of age had lower stress responses to an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge at 11 months (Reiche et al, 2020b), and spent more time inactive at 9-12 months of age (Reiche et al, 2020a). Disbudding also resulted in sex-dependent changes in exploration of a novel object at 10-11 months of age (Reiche et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Disbuddingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Early Life Painful Procedures: Long-Term Consequences and Implications for Farm Animal Welfare

Adcock

2021

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Farm animals routinely undergo painful husbandry procedures early in life, including disbudding and castration in calves and goat kids, tail docking and castration in piglets and lambs, and beak trimming in chicks. In rodents, inflammatory events soon after birth, when physiological systems are developing and sensitive to perturbation, can profoundly alter phenotypic outcomes later in life. This review summarizes the current state of research on long-term phenotypic consequences of neonatal painful procedures in rodents and farm animals, and discusses the implications for farm animal welfare. Rodents exposed to early life inflammation show a hypo-/hyper-responsive profile to pain-, fear-, and anxiety-inducing stimuli, manifesting as an initial attenuation in responses that transitions into hyperresponsivity with increasing age or cumulative stress. Neonatal inflammation also predisposes rodents to cognitive, social, and reproductive deficits, and there is some evidence that adverse effects may be passed to offspring. The outcomes of neonatal inflammation are modulated by injury etiology, age at the time of injury and time of testing, sex, pain management, and rearing environment. Equivalent research examining long-term phenotypic consequences of early life painful procedures in farm animals is greatly lacking, despite obvious implications for welfare and performance. Improved understanding of how these procedures shape phenotypes will inform efforts to mitigate negative outcomes through reduction, replacement, and refinement of current practices.

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Quantification of glucocorticoid and progestogen metabolites in bovine plasma, skimmed milk and saliva by UHPLC-HR-MS with polarity switching

Rehm,

Hankele,

Ulbrich

et al. 2024

Analytica Chimica Acta

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The ACTH challenge and its repeatability in fattening bulls—influences of physiological state, challenge time standardization, and horn status

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Temperature and humidity index (THI) affects salivary cortisol (HC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations in growing bulls following stress generated by performance test procedures

Temperature and humidity index (THI) affects salivary cortisol (HC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations in growing bulls following stress generated by performance test procedures

Early Life Painful Procedures: Long-Term Consequences and Implications for Farm Animal Welfare

Quantification of glucocorticoid and progestogen metabolites in bovine plasma, skimmed milk and saliva by UHPLC-HR-MS with polarity switching

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