The Acquisition of Definiteness and Specificity in English: A Case Study with Saudi-Arabic Learners of English Using an Online Task

Abstract

Definiteness with Arabic learners has been explored by many researchers such as Jaensch and Sarko (2009) and Sarko (2009). The majority of previous studies have used an offline task and focused on identifying the types of errors which learners were committing. Conversely, the present study will use an online reaction time task to investigate the learners’ accuracy in judging [±definite and ±specific] in a series of sentences. The aim of the study is to ascertain the accuracy of participants in judging grammatical and ungrammatical sentences in terms of definiteness and specificity in English, and also to identify which factors have the greatest effect on this accuracy. The study will examine the process of article acquisition from the perspective of universal grammar using the following hypotheses: The Representational Deficit hypothesis (RDH) by Hawkins and Chan (1997), the Feature Reassembly hypothesis by Lardiere (2009) and the bottleneck hypothesis by Slabakova (2008, 2009, 2015). Thirty-two Saudi learners have completed a grammatical judgment task that was designed using OpenSesame to incorporate a reaction time test along with two vocabulary tests (Yes/No and Lex30) and a proficiency test. The results showed no effect on definiteness and specificity with the Saudi-Arabic learners. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that there is no difference in reaction time which could be attributed to [±definite and ±specific]. Receptive vocabulary knowledge and proficiency affected the learners’ accuracy in judging article use in English, but no such effect was found for the learners’ productive vocabulary knowledge. Additionally, L1 negative transfer has been observed in Saudi-Arabic learners of English particularly with low-level learners.

Count/Mass Nouns and Definiteness in Palestinian Arabic Heritage Speakers of English

“…Semantic countability is expressed by the definiteness system in English, but not in PA. PA and English definiteness systems interfere with Arabic native speakers' acquisition of English as a second language (Harb, 2014;Husni and Newman, 2015). There is strong evidence of the effects of Arabic countability properties in their errors (in which countability significantly interferes with abstractness as well) (Aboras 2020;Alenizi 2013Alenizi , 2017Al-Malki et al 2014;Naim-Bader 1988). Arabic learners of English overuse the definite article in idioms, with abstract and uncountable nouns, and in generic plural noun phrases: (7) *the value of the time (8) *he sell the apples at the crossroad (9) * the milk is nutritious to the body (10) *I went to the bed (11) *you cook the rice (12) *the horses are useful animals.…”