The Acquisition and Usage of the SODAS Problem-Solving Method Among Adults at Risk for Homelessness

Abstract

Individuals experiencing extended homelessness face multifaceted risks in physical health, nutrition, substance use, mental health, continuing unemployment, and incarceration. Some of these adults may benefit from learning a problem-solving decision-making method to assist them in dealing with everyday problems they encounter. This study taught three men with extensive histories of homelessness, but who were currently housed, the SODAS problem-solving decision-making method, and assessed their ability to learn it and guide another adult in the use of the method in simulated role-play problem situations. The acquisition of SODAS from behavioral rehearsal training was evaluated using a multiple-baseline design across participants' role plays during the baseline, and post-training SODAS conditions. After demonstrating their ability to successfully guide another adult through the SODAS process when roleplaying problem situations relevant to this population, the participants were instructed and provided SODAS forms for applying this method to their own every day lives' social and non-social problem situations. Social validity follow-up meetings were conducted weekly with each participant, and assessed the extent to which he reported the use and helpfulness of the SODAS method in addressing everyday life issues. Chapter One: Introduction Homelessness is a concern locally and nationwide, and with the recent economic issues facing our country, it is only becoming more common. Several issues causing the increase include foreclosure rates, declining public assistance, fewer consistent work opportunities, low-wage salaries, and a general increase in poverty nationwide ("Why Are People Homeless," 2009). Homelessness, according to the State of Florida's definition as they modified it in 2009 reads: "Any person who lacks a regular or fixed nighttime residence, including those who live on the street, in shelters, in other places not meant for human habitation, as well as persons living doubled up with family and friends, in motels or campgrounds due to the loss of housing or economic hardship, and who lack adequate alternative accommodations" (Homeless Coalition of Hillsborough County, 2011, p. 1). The homeless are often an extremely underserved population, and their needs are great, with 35% reporting at least one of the following conditions: a mental disorder, physical disability or ailment, or substance abuse addiction (Homeless Coalition of Hillsborough County, 2011). Other studies also make it clear that there are significant portions of the homeless that have substance abuse issues (