The Acoustic Properties of Suspended Sediment in Large Rivers: Consequences on ADCP Methods Applicability

Guerrero, Massimo; Rüther, Nils; Szupiany, R. N.; Haun, Stefan; Baranya, Sándor; Latosinski, F.

doi:10.3390/w8010013

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In situ backscatter devices, which measure the echo response, also offer better application flexibility than instrumentation which incorporate separate transmitters and receivers, including electrical tomographic methods [4,5], gamma or x-ray densitometers [6,7], as well as ultrasonic transmission methods [8][9][10][11]. Both single-frequency and array-based echo techniques are now widely utilised to measure particle properties in relatively low-concentration environmental sediment transport studies [12][13][14][15], and similar methods are being investigated for a number of industrial fields [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and density normalisation of acoustic attenuation and backscattering constants of arbitrary suspensions within the Rayleigh scattering regime

et al. 2019

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The scattering and attenuation of megahertz frequency acoustic backscatter in liquid suspensions, is examined for a range of fine organic and inorganic particles in the Rayleigh regime, 10 -4 < ka < 10 0 (where k is the wavenumber and a the particle radius) which are widely industrially relevant, but with limited existing data. In particular, colloidal latex, mineral titania and barytes sediments, as well as larger glass powders were investigated. A manipulation of the backscatter voltage equation was used to directly measure the sediment attenuation constants, . Decoupling of the combined backscattering-transducer constant, allowing explicit measurement of the backscattering constant, ks, was achieved through calibration of the transducer constant, kt. Additionally, the methodology was streamlined via averaging between a number of intermediate concentrations to reduce data variability. This approach enabled the form function, f, and the corresponding total normalized scattering cross-sections, , to be determined for all species. While f and are available in the literature for large glass and sand, this methodology allowed extension for the colloidal organic and inorganic particles. Specific gravity normalisation of f collapsed all data onto a single distribution, with the exception of titania, due to scattering complexities associated withagglomeration. There was some additional variation in , with measured values of the fine particles up to of magnitude greater than the density-normalised prediction at low ka . Mechanisms accounting for these variations from theory are however analysed, and include viscous attenuation effects, the polydispersity of the particle type and increasing influence of the solvent attenuation.Additionally, thermoacoustic losses appeared to dominate the attenuation behaviour of the organic latex particles. This study demonstrates that particles close to the colloidal regime can be measured successfully with acoustic backscatter, and highlights the great potential of this technique to be applied for in situ or online monitoring purposes in such systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and density normalisation of acoustic attenuation and backscattering constants of arbitrary suspensions within the Rayleigh scattering regime

et al. 2019

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“…The Tescio River Basin, chosen as the case study for the proposed methodology, is located in the center of Italy, in the Umbria Region (see Figure 1) [27], and has an extension of 67.9 km 2 . The basin is part of the Tiber River Basin [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative solutions for investigating sediments in large areas are based on qualitative and quantitative on site analyses. Among the others, photographic sampling techniques have been developed in the last decade and demonstrated to be reliable and accurate [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Flood Event through a Sediment Analysis: The Tescio River Case Study

Francesco

Biscarini

Manciola

2016

Water

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This paper presents the hydrological analysis and grain size characteristics of fluvial sediments in a river basin and their combination to characterize a flood event. The overall objective of the research is the development of a practical methodology based on experimental surveys to reconstruct the hydraulic history of ungauged river reaches on the basis of the modifications detected on the riverbed during the dry season. The grain size analysis of fluvial deposits usually requires great technical and economical efforts and traditional sieving based on physical sampling is not appropriate to adequately represent the spatial distribution of sediments in a wide area of a riverbed with a reasonable number of samples. The use of photographic sampling techniques, on the other hand, allows for the quick and effective determination of the grain size distribution, through the use of a digital camera and specific graphical algorithms in large river stretches. A photographic sampling is employed to characterize the riverbed in a 3 km ungauged reach of the Tescio River, a tributary of the Chiascio River, located in central Italy, representative of many rivers in the same geographical area. To this end, the particle size distribution is reconstructed through the analysis of digital pictures of the sediments taken on the riverbed in dry conditions. The sampling has been performed after a flood event of known duration, which allows for the identification of the removal of the armor in one section along the river reach under investigation. The volume and composition of the eroded sediments made it possible to calculate the average flow rate associated with the flood event which caused the erosion, by means of the sediment transport laws and the hydrological analysis of the river basin. A hydraulic analysis of the river stretch under investigation was employed to verify the validity of the proposed procedure.

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“…Research has focused (using down-, side-or up-looking ADCP deployment) on the relation of suspended sediment and corrected backscatter (Thorne et al, 1993(Thorne et al, , 1998Reichel and Nachtnebel, 1994;Holdaway et al, 1999;Thorne and Hanes, 2002;Gartner, 2004;Wall et al, 2006;Topping et al, 2007;Deines, 1999;Szupiany et al, 2009;Hanes, 2012;Guerrero et al, 2013Guerrero et al, , 2016Latosinski et al, 2014;Thorne and Hurther, 2014;Landers et al, 2016;Manaster et al, 2016;Venditti et al, 2016;Topping and Wright, 2016;Mullison, 2017;Hackney et al, 2018), acoustic attenuation and scattering properties (Thorne and Meral, 2008;Wright, et al, 2010;Sassi et al, 2012;Moate and Thorne, 2013;Moore et al, 2013;Agrawal and Hanes, 2015;Hanes, 2016;Topping and Wright, 2016;Haught et al, 2017), and acoustic scattering by suspended flocculating sediments (Thorne and Hurther, 2014;Vincent and McDonald, 2015;Thomas et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating sand concentrations using ADCP‐based acoustic inversion in a large fluvial system characterized by bi‐modal suspended‐sediment distributions

Szupiany

Weibel

Guerrero

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Quantifying sediment flux within rivers is a challenge for many disciplines due, mainly, to difficulties inherent to traditional sediment sampling methods. These methods are operationally complex, high cost, and high risk. Additionally, the resulting data provide a low spatial and temporal resolution estimate of the total sediment flux, which has impeded advances in the understanding of the hydro‐geomorphic characteristics of rivers. Acoustic technologies have been recognized as a leading tool for increasing the resolution of sediment data by relating their echo intensity level measurements to suspended sediment. Further effort is required to robustly test and develop these techniques across a wide range of conditions found in natural river systems. This article aims to evaluate the application of acoustic inversion techniques using commercially available, down‐looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in quantifying suspended sediment in a large sand bed river with varying bi‐modal particle size distributions, wash load and suspended‐sand ratios, and water stages. To achieve this objective, suspended sediment was physically sampled along the Paraná River, Argentina, under various hydro‐sedimentological regimes. Two ADCPs emitting different sound frequencies were used to simultaneously profile echo intensity level within the water column. Using the sonar equation, calibrations were determined between suspended‐sand concentrations and acoustic backscatter to solve the inverse problem. The study also analyzed the roles played by each term of the sonar equation, such as ADCP frequency, power supply, instrument constants, and particle size distributions typically found in sand bed rivers, on sediment attenuation and backscatter. Calibrations were successfully developed between corrected backscatter and suspended‐sand concentrations for all sites and ADCP frequencies, resulting in mean suspended‐sand concentration estimates within about 40% of the mean sampled concentrations. Noise values, calculated using the sonar equation and sediment sample characteristics, were fairly constant across evaluations, suggesting that they could be applied to other sand bed rivers. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The Acoustic Properties of Suspended Sediment in Large Rivers: Consequences on ADCP Methods Applicability

Cited by 48 publications

References 36 publications

Measurement and density normalisation of acoustic attenuation and backscattering constants of arbitrary suspensions within the Rayleigh scattering regime

Measurement and density normalisation of acoustic attenuation and backscattering constants of arbitrary suspensions within the Rayleigh scattering regime

Characterization of a Flood Event through a Sediment Analysis: The Tescio River Case Study

Estimating sand concentrations using ADCP‐based acoustic inversion in a large fluvial system characterized by bi‐modal suspended‐sediment distributions

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