The Acetyl Bromide Method Is Faster, Simpler and Presents Best Recovery of Lignin in Different Herbaceous Tissues than Klason and Thioglycolic Acid Methods

Moreira-Vilar, Flávia Carolina; Siqueira-Soares, Rita de Cássia; Finger-Teixeira, Aline; Oliveira, Dyoni Matias de; Ferro, Ana Paula; Rocha, George Jackson da; Ferrarese, Maria de Lourdes Lúcio; Santos, Wanderley Dantas dos; Ferrarese-Filho, Osvaldo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110000

Cited by 244 publications

(162 citation statements)

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“…Considerably, lower estimates were obtained by the ADL method, which ranged from~7 to 14 %. Such striking differences were anticipated and are consistent with the results of previously published comparisons of these lignin methods [23,26,27,29,32,47]. The most likely explanation for the low lignin concentrations obtained by the ADL method is the loss of lignin during the acid detergent extraction of the method [23,32].…”

Section: Large Differences Observed Between the Various Lignin Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…More problematically, while all these methods are widely used, large discrepancies are reported in the different estimates of lignin content between them [23,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In a recent study, Fukushima and Hatfield compared the performance of some lignin methods on a number of different plant samples and reported on average a twofold difference in lignin content between the ABL method and the ADL method [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Moreira-Vilar and co-workers compared a number of different lignin methods and concluded that the ABL method outperformed the other methods, primarily because it gave the highest estimates of lignin content [26]. However, considering that lignin is usually quantified because of its effect on the efficiency of a certain process, for example, paper production, ruminant digestion, and saccharification for biofuel production, selecting the most appropriate lignin method may depend on which estimate of lignin content has the highest predictive ability of biomass quality for a certain application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Different Lignin Fractions on Saccharification Efficiency in Diverse Species of the Bioenergy Crop Miscanthus

et al. 2015

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Lignin is a key factor limiting saccharification of lignocellulosic feedstocks. In this comparative study, various lignin methods-including acetyl bromide lignin (ABL), acid detergent lignin (ADL), Klason lignin (KL), and modified ADL and KL determination methods-were evaluated for their potential to assess saccharification efficiency. Six diverse accessions of the bioenergy crop miscanthus were used for this analysis, which included accessions of Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and hybrid species. Accessions showed large variation in lignin content. Lignin estimates were different between methods, but (highly) correlated to each other (0.54≤r≤0.94). The strength of negative correlations to saccharification efficiency following either alkaline or dilute acid pretreatment differed between lignin estimates. The strongest and most consistent correlations (−0.48≤r≤ −0.85) were obtained with a modified Klason lignin method. This method is suitable for high throughput analysis and was the most effective in detecting differences in lignin content (p<0.001) between accessions.

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Section: Large Differences Observed Between the Various Lignin Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Different Lignin Fractions on Saccharification Efficiency in Diverse Species of the Bioenergy Crop Miscanthus

et al. 2015

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“…More problematically, while all these methods are widely used, large discrepancies are reported in the different estimates of lignin content between them (Brinkmann et al, 2002, Fukushima & Hatfield, 2004, Goff et al, 2012, Jung et al, 1999, Lacerda et al, 2006, Moreira-Vilar et al, 2014, Takahashi et al, 2004. In a recent study, Fukushima and Hatfield compared the performance of some lignin methods on a number of different plant samples and reported on average a twofold difference in lignin content between the ABL method and the ADL method (Fukushima & Hatfield, 2004).…”

Section: Lignin Fractions As Predictors Of Biomass Quality | 75mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Moreira-Vilar and co-workers, compared a number of different lignin methods and concluded that the ABL method outperformed the other methods, primarily because it gave the highest estimates of lignin content (Moreira-Vilar et al, 2014). However, considering that lignin is usually quantified because of its effect on the efficiency of a certain process, for example paper production, ruminant digestion and saccharification for biofuel production, selecting the most appropriate lignin method may depend on which estimate of lignin content has the highest predictive ability of biomass quality for a certain application.…”

Section: Lignin Fractions As Predictors Of Biomass Quality | 75mentioning

confidence: 99%

Targets and tools for optimizing lignocellulosic biomass quality of miscanthus

Weijde¹

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Evaluation of Miscanthus sinensis biomass quality as feedstock for conversion into different bioenergy products 95 Chapter 5Stability of cell wall composition and saccharification efficiency in Miscanthus across diverse environments 125 Chapter 6Dissecting genetic complexity of miscanthus cell wall composition and biomass quality for biofuels 149 Chapter 7Impact of drought stress on growth and quality of miscanthus for biofuel production 179 Chapter 8 General Discussion 205Acknowledgements 223 About the author 227 List of publications 228Overview of training activities 229 SummaryMiscanthus is a perennial energy grass characterized by a high productivity and resource-use efficiency, making it an ideal biomass feedstock for the production of cellulosic biofuels and a wide range of other biobased value-chains. However, the large-scale commercialization of converting biomass into cellulosic biofuel is hindered by our inability to efficiently deconstruct the plant cell wall. The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic structure and its components are extensively cross-linked into an unyielding matrix. The production of biofuel depends on the extraction, hydrolysis and fermentation of cell wall polysaccharides, which currently requires energetically and chemically intensive processing operations that negatively affect the economic viability and sustainability of the industry. To address this challenge it is envisioned that the bioenergy feedstocks can be compositionally tailored to increase the accessibility and extractability of cell wall polysaccharides, which would allow a more efficient conversion of biomass into biofuel under milder processing conditions.Extensive phenotypic and genetic diversity in cell wall composition and conversion efficiency was observed in different miscanthus species, including M. sinensis, M. sacchariflorus and interspecific hybrids between these two species. In multiple experiments a twofold increase in the release of fermentable sugars was observed in 'high quality' accessions compared to 'low quality' accessions. The exhaustive characterization of eight highly diverse M. sinensis genotypes revealed novel and distinct breeding targets for different bioenergy conversion routes. The key traits that contributed favourably to the conversion efficiency of biomass into biofuel were a high content of hemicellulosic polysaccharides, extensive cross-linking of hemicellulosic polysaccharides (revealed by a high content of trans-ferulic acids and a high ratio of arabinose-to-xylose), a low lignin content and extensive incorporation of paracoumaric acid into the lignin polymer.Lignin is widely recognized as one of the key factors conveying recalcitrance against enzymatic deconstruction of the cell wall. The incorporation of para-coumaric acid into the lignin polymer is hypothesized to make lignin more easily degradable during alkaline pretreatment, one of the most widely applied processing methods that is used to pretreat biomass prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Previous studies have shown that red...

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Lignification and Advances in Lignin Imaging in Plant Cell Walls

Simon

Lion

Biot

et al. 2018

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Lignin is the second most abundant plant biopolymer after cellulose on the planet. This phenolic polymer is a major constituent of the cell wall in certain specialised plant tissues where it plays a vital role in many aspects of plant growth. Both the amount and the chemical composition of lignin in cell walls have important effects on the characteristics of plant biomass thereby impacting strongly on the quality of a wide range of economically important products derived from plants. A better understanding of how the lignin polymer contributes to the development of the plant interacts with the environment during the carbon cycle and influences the characteristics of lignocellulose biomass depends upon the availability of appropriate analytical tools permitting a complete characterisation of lignin composition. While several chemical and physical techniques are able to provide both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the chemical composition of extracted cell wall material and/or lignin, they are generally unable to provide detailed spatial information at the tissue/cell‐wall level. Recently, the development and application of vibrational spectroscopy and bioorthogonal chemical approaches to lignin imaging are allowing us to obtain a better understanding of the heterogeneity and dynamics of lignin structure in situ . In this article, we discuss lignification and the different techniques that are available to the plant biologist interested in characterising lignin structure with a focus on new imaging techniques.

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The Acetyl Bromide Method Is Faster, Simpler and Presents Best Recovery of Lignin in Different Herbaceous Tissues than Klason and Thioglycolic Acid Methods

Cited by 244 publications

References 29 publications

Impact of Different Lignin Fractions on Saccharification Efficiency in Diverse Species of the Bioenergy Crop Miscanthus

Impact of Different Lignin Fractions on Saccharification Efficiency in Diverse Species of the Bioenergy Crop Miscanthus

Targets and tools for optimizing lignocellulosic biomass quality of miscanthus

Lignification and Advances in Lignin Imaging in Plant Cell Walls

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