The acetone crude extract of Quercus infectoria (Olivier) galls alters pH of the digestive vacuole of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum

Zin, Nik Nor Imam Nik Mat

doi:10.47665/tb.38.2.035

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The delayed but viable parasite population showed an elevation in the pH of the digestive vacuole upon pulse treatment with artemisinin for 4 hours (Ibrahim et al, 2020;Klonis et al, 2011). Similarly, Ibrahim et al (2020) reported that the pH of the digestive vacuole of the parasites treated with artemisinin was 1 pH unit higher than that of the pH of the digestive vacuole of the untreated parasites. An increase of merely a few tenths of the pH unit can significantly affect the lysosomal function since the organelle requires an acidic pH state similar to that found in the digestive vacuole for effective protease action (Eriksson et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…A previous study showed that the parasites treated with artemisinin produced several parasite populations, which had a delayed development (Chotivanich et al, 2014). The delayed but viable parasite population showed an elevation in the pH of the digestive vacuole upon pulse treatment with artemisinin for 4 hours (Ibrahim et al, 2020;Klonis et al, 2011). Similarly, Ibrahim et al (2020) reported that the pH of the digestive vacuole of the parasites treated with artemisinin was 1 pH unit higher than that of the pH of the digestive vacuole of the untreated parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In the present study, the malarial SYBR Green I fluorescence-based (MSF) assay was employed to determine the antimalarial activity of artemisinin and concanamycin A. This in vitro 48-hour drug sensitivity assay has commonly been used to measure the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of compounds that kills 50% of the parasite population (IC50) (Ibrahim et al, 2020). SYBR Green I, a nucleic acid-intercalating dye, was used to identify the presence of the parasite's DNA in infected erythrocytes since mature uninfected erythrocytes have no DNA and are incapable of synthesising RNA (Vossen et al, 2010;Jang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concanamycin A, the V-type H + -ATPase inhibitor, is well known for alkalinising the parasite's digestive vacuole (Auparakkitanon & Wilairat, 2006;Ibrahim et al, 2020). A study by Ja'afar et al (2021) reported that the digestive vacuole pH increased by 3.2 units when treated with concanamycin A, showing that the digestive vacuole was alkalinised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mechanisms of action of this drug against the parasite have been hypothesised (Bhisutthibhan and Meshnick, 2001;Imwong et al, 2020;Li et al, 2005). A recent study by Ibrahim et al (2020) suggested that alkalinisation of the P. falciparum digestive vacuole pH might be the major effect of artemisinin that disrupts the physiological process in the vacuole resulting in parasite death. Concanamycin A is a macrolide V-type H + -ATPase inhibitor obtained from Streptomyces sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic interaction of two antimalarial drugs, artemisinin and concanamycin A

Zahari,

Ujal,

Abu-Bakar

2023

LSMB

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Artemisinin is a powerful drug that has been combined with other antimalarial drugs to combat malaria and it has been crucial to recent achievements in reducing malaria cases. However, the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance against artemisinin has become a serious problem in malaria treatment. Our previous studies reported that artemisinin alkalinised the digestive vacuole of P. falciparum similarly to concanamycin A. Concanamycin A is a specific inhibitor of V-type H+-ATPase, a proton pump located on the membrane of the digestive vacuole. A study also showed that a low concentration of concanamycin A is required to kill 50% of the parasites. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the interaction of artemisinin with concanamycin A by using the isobologram analysis of effects on parasite growth. The antimalarial activity (IC50) of artemisinin and concanamycin A was evaluated by using a malarial SBYR Green I fluorescence-based (MSF) assay prior to isobologram analysis. Based on their IC50 values, six different combination solutions of the drugs were assigned and used in the isobologram analysis. The IC50 of artemisinin and concanamycin A was 13 ± 2.52 nM and 7 ± 1.15 nM, respectively. The interaction of artemisinin and concanamycin A was found to be synergistic, indicating that the combination of these drugs could kill the parasites more effectively. This study suggests that artemisinin and concanamycin A combination can be a new candidate in artemisinin-based combination therapies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Synergistic interaction of two antimalarial drugs, artemisinin and concanamycin A

Zahari,

Ujal,

Abu-Bakar

2023

LSMB

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Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Quercus sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 Years

Banc,

Rusu,

Filip

et al. 2023

Plants

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Quercus species have been widely used in traditional medicine, and recently, researchers’ attention has focused on galls of the genus Quercus as a source of health-promoting phytochemicals. This review presents a summary of the most recent findings on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of oak galls, following the screening of scientific papers published in two relevant databases, PubMed and Embase, between January 2018 and June 2023. The oak galls are rich in active compounds, mostly gallotannins and phenolic acids. Due to these secondary metabolites, the reviewed studies have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, antimicrobial properties, tissue-protective effects, and antitumor, anti-aging, and hypoglycemic potential. Thus, oak galls are a promising natural matrix, to be considered in obtaining pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations used in anti-aging strategies and, together with medications, in the management of age-related diseases. In further evaluations, the valuable functional properties of oak galls, reported mostly in preclinical studies, should be confirmed with clinical studies that would also take into account the potential health risks of their use.

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The acetone crude extract of Quercus infectoria (Olivier) galls alters pH of the digestive vacuole of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum

Cited by 2 publications

References 50 publications

Synergistic interaction of two antimalarial drugs, artemisinin and concanamycin A

Synergistic interaction of two antimalarial drugs, artemisinin and concanamycin A

Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Quercus sp. Galls (Oak Galls): A Systematic Review of Studies Published in the Last 5 Years

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