The Acetochlor Registration Partnership State Ground Water Monitoring Program

Guzman, N.; Hendley, Paul; Gustafson, David I.; Wesenbeeck, Ian van; Klein, Andrew J.; Fuhrman, John D.; Travis, Kim Z.; Simmons, Nick D.; Teskey, W. E.; Durham, Roger B.

doi:10.2134/jeq2003.0412

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The acetochlor OXA degradate was detected in ground water at only one site, Minnesota, at a maximum concentration of 1.4 μg L −1 (Table 6). These detection trends are entirely consistent with the pattern observed in the companion 175‐site acetochlor ground water monitoring program (De Guzman et al, 2005), in which acetochlor ESA was also detected more frequently than acetochlor OXA (24 vs. 6% of all samples analyzed had detections) and at higher concentrations (90th percentile annualized means were 0.87 to 1.28 μg L −1 for acetochlor ESA vs. <0.1 μg L −1 for acetochlor OXA).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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The Acetochlor Registration Partnership: Prospective Ground Water Monitoring Program

Newcombe¹,

Gustafson

Fuhrman

et al. 2005

J of Env Quality

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The Acetochlor Registration Partnership conducted a prospective ground water (PGW) monitoring program to investigate acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-acetamide] transport to ground water at eight sites. The distribution of soil textures among these sites was weighted toward coarser soil types, while also including finer-textured soils that dominate most corn (Zea mays L.)-growing areas of the United States. Each site consisted of a 1.2-ha test plot adjacent to a 0.2-ha control plot. Suction lysimeters and monitoring wells were installed at multiple depths within each test and control plot to sample soil-pore water and near-surface ground water. Irrigation was applied to each site during the growing season to ensure water input of 110 to 200% of average historical rainfall. Acetochlor dissipated rapidly from surface soils at all sites with a DT(50) (time for 50% of the initial residues to dissipate) of only 3 to 9 d, but leaching was not an important loss mechanism, with only 0.25% of the 15,312 soil-pore water and ground water samples analyzed containing parent acetochlor at or above 0.05 microg L(-1). However, quantifiable residues of a soil degradation product, acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid, were more common, with approximately 16% of water samples containing concentrations at or above 1.0 microg L(-1). A second soil degradation product, acetochlor oxanilic acid, was present at concentrations at or above 1.0 microg L(-1) in only 0.15% of water samples analyzed. The acetochlor PGW program demonstrated that acetochlor lacks the potential to leach to ground water at detectable concentrations, and when applied in accordance with label restrictions, is unlikely to move to ground water at concentrations hazardous to human health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This publication describes the methods, results, and interpretations of the acetochlor PGW monitoring program. The acetochlor ground and surface water monitoring programs are described in two companion publications (De Guzman et al, 2005; Hackett et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Acetochlor Registration Partnership: Prospective Ground Water Monitoring Program

Newcombe¹,

Gustafson

Fuhrman

et al. 2005

J of Env Quality

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“…Metolachlor has frequently been detected in groundwater, and concentrations have ranged from 0.08 to 4.5 µg L −1 in Wisconsin, Iowa and Pennsylvania from normal agricultural use 18, 19. A recent groundwater monitoring programme reported that metolachlor was rarely detected, but its ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) metabolites were found at 106 and 63 sites tested respectively 20. This unexpected detection in groundwater indicates that more information is needed about the dissipation and eventual fate of metolachlor in subsoils as well as in surface soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption, desorption and dissipation of metolachlor in surface and subsurface soils

Takagi

Iwasaki

et al. 2009

Pest Management Science

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“…For acetochlor, OXA is present at higher levels than ESA (mean pair‐wise difference in AMCs is 0.03 μg L −1 ). This trend is the opposite of what is seen for acetochlor degradates in shallow ground water, where acetochlor ESA is more frequently detected than acetochlor OXA and at higher concentrations (de Guzman et al, 2005). For both alachlor and metolachlor, ESA is more prevalent in surface water than OXA, by an average of 0.04 and 0.14 μg L −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Acetochlor Registration Partnership Surface Water Monitoring Program for Four Corn Herbicides

et al. 2005

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A surface drinking water monitoring program for four corn (Zea mays L.) herbicides was conducted during 1995-2001. Stratified random sampling was used to select 175 community water systems (CWSs) within a 12-state area, with an emphasis on the most vulnerable sites, based on corn intensity and watershed size. Finished drinking water was monitored at all sites, and raw water was monitored at many sites using activated carbon, which was shown capable of removing herbicides and their degradates from drinking water. Samples were collected biweekly from mid-March through the end of August, and twice during the off-season. The analytical method had a detection limit of 0.05 microg L(-1) for alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetamide] and 0.03 microg L(-1) for acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-acetamide], atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-acetamide]. Of the 16528 drinking water samples analyzed, acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor were detected in 19, 7, 87, and 53% of the samples, respectively. During 1999-2001, samples were also analyzed for the presence of six major degradates of the chloroacetanilide herbicides, which were detected more frequently than their parent compounds, despite having higher detection limits of 0.1 to 0.2 microg L(-1). Overall detection frequencies were correlated with product use and environmental fate characteristics. Reservoirs were particularly vulnerable to atrazine, which exceeded its 3 microg L(-1) maximum contaminant level at 25 such sites during 1995-1999. Acetochlor annualized mean concentrations (AMCs) did not exceed its mitigation trigger (2 microg L(-1)) at any site, and comparisons of observed levels with standard measures of human and ecological hazards indicate that it poses no significant risk to human health or the environment.

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The Acetochlor Registration Partnership State Ground Water Monitoring Program

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

The Acetochlor Registration Partnership: Prospective Ground Water Monitoring Program

The Acetochlor Registration Partnership: Prospective Ground Water Monitoring Program

Adsorption, desorption and dissipation of metolachlor in surface and subsurface soils

The Acetochlor Registration Partnership Surface Water Monitoring Program for Four Corn Herbicides

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