The difficulty for a library to spend their collections budget efficiently is a timeless problem. The diversity of a typical budget, with its mix of one-time and continuing funds, for an array of resources that have both regular and sometimes irregularM ost historically underfunded libraries pursue additional funding for their collection development budgets. During this process, university administrators may question why collection funds are not spent by a seemingly high percentage. They may reject the standard response to the question about the level of carryover, or cash balance, which identifies unpaid firm orders as the problem. Unless the library records commitments in the same system that is used by university budget personnel, they will appear as unspent cash. The resulting carryover largely represents outstanding orders, plus excess cash, and illustrates that acquisitions processes are not necessarily clear cut. This paper explores a method to achieve a less-than-zero cash balance, a requirement that one library budget manager called "unlikely."1 Librarians responsible for collections funds can apply these methods to any size budget. Depending on the particular situation, the net result of the close attention paid to commitments (encumbrances) and cash balance will be the maximum efficient use of funds.2 The methods the author describes were developed following nine years of meeting the goal to spend the collections budget as close to zero as possible. Results have varied, but it is possible to achieve a zero-percent cash balance (rounded), even with a negative final balance.Robert M. Cleary (rmcleary@syr.edu) is the Head of Acquisitions and Cataloging at Syracuse University Libraries