The Accessory Soleus Muscle: Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Reis, Francisco Prado; Aragão, José Aderval; Fernandes, Atson Carlos de Souza; Feitosa, Vera Lúcia Corrêa; Fakhouri, Ricardo; Nunes, Marco Antônio Prado

doi:10.4067/s0717-95022007000400032

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This result corroborates some studies reporting ASM as present in up to 10% of humans (9,14,15) . Moreover, most reports in the literature stated a 0.7 to 5.5% presence of ASM in human beings (2,3,5,11,13,(16)(17)(18)(19) . Some investigators reported a prevalence ranging from 1 to 6% in human beings (6,20) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of accessory soleous muscle in humans

Nero

Ruiz

Aliaga

2012

Einstein (São Paulo)

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Objective: To verify the prevalence of the accessory soleus muscle in humans and according to gender. Methods: A total of 154 magnetic resonance images of the ankle were assessed in T1 weighted sagittal, coronal and axial planes. Results: An incidence of 11.6% of accessory soleus muscle in humans was observed; in that, 7.8% in males and 15.6% in females. Conclusion: The accessory soleus muscle incidence was 11.6% in the samples studied and it was more often present in females.Keywords: Muscle, skeletal/abnormalities; Diagnostic imaging; Ankle; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência do músculo sóleo acessório em humanos e em relação ao gênero. Métodos: Foram observadas 154 imagens de ressonância magnética do tornozelo em cortes sagitais, coronais e axiais ponderadas em T1. Resultados: Observamos a incidência de 11,6% do músculo sóleo acessório em humanos -7,8% em indivíduos do gênero masculino e 15,6% em indivíduos do gênero feminino. Conclusão: O músculo sóleo acessório teve incidência de 11,6% nas amostras estudadas e sua presença foi maior em indivíduos do gênero feminino.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of accessory soleous muscle in humans

Nero

Ruiz

Aliaga

2012

Einstein (São Paulo)

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“…g. Accessory soleus muscle: This is a rare congenital anomaly is located anterior to the soleus. 182 It is estimated to be present in 0.7 to 5.5% of the population but only 70 symptomatic cases have been reported between 1965 and 1996 and 100 cases from 1869 to 1995. 182 Reported symptoms often include pain and soft tissue swelling in the medial aspect of the distal lower leg that increases with exercise and relieves with rest.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…182 It is estimated to be present in 0.7 to 5.5% of the population but only 70 symptomatic cases have been reported between 1965 and 1996 and 100 cases from 1869 to 1995. 182 Reported symptoms often include pain and soft tissue swelling in the medial aspect of the distal lower leg that increases with exercise and relieves with rest. 182 Reported cases have also presented with symptoms similar to compartment syndrome.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…182 Reported symptoms often include pain and soft tissue swelling in the medial aspect of the distal lower leg that increases with exercise and relieves with rest. 182 Reported cases have also presented with symptoms similar to compartment syndrome. 182 There are no reports describing clinical tests to identify the presence of an accessory soleus muscle found in the published literature.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…182 Reported cases have also presented with symptoms similar to compartment syndrome. 182 There are no reports describing clinical tests to identify the presence of an accessory soleus muscle found in the published literature. Therefore, radiological imaging is needed when this is suspected.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trigger point dry needling, manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy and exercise for the management of Achilles tendinopathy: a feasibility study

Koszalinski

Flynn

Hellman

et al. 2020

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy

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Background:The effect of trigger point dry needling (TDN) on myofascial trigger points (MTP) in Achilles tendinopathy are unknown. Objectives: To determine the feasibility of a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare the effects of TDN to exercise in a patient population with Achilles tendinopathy. Methods: This single-factor, pretest-posttest control group design included 22 subjects between the ages of 24 and 65 years with Achilles tendinopathy. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a control group (MT+Ex) or experimental group (TDN+MT+Ex). Subjects in both groups completed 8 physical therapy treatment sessions over 4 weeks. The intervention for the TDN+MT+Ex group included TDN to MTPs in the gastrocnemius, soleus or tibialis posterior each session while the same soft tissue mobilization and exercise program was conducted in both groups. Results: Within group analysis was performed for each group at 4 week and 90 day follow up. Significant improvement (p < .05) was achieved for FAAM, NPRS, pain pressure threshold and strength in both groups at 4 weeks and 90 days. The GROC was significant for MT + Ex at 90 days. The MCID for the FAAM, GROC were surpassed in both groups at 4 weeks and 90 days. NPRS surpassed the MCID for the MT + Ex group at 4 weeks. Conclusion: A large RCT to investigate the effects of TDN on MTP in Achilles tendinopathy is feasible with modifications.

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Dissecting the accessory soleus muscle: A literature review, cadaveric study, and imaging study

et al. 2011

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The accessory soleus muscle (ASM) has been an unusual anatomical variant since its first recordings in Guy's Hospital Reports of the early nineteenth century. Individuals with an ASM may present with symptoms of pain and/or swelling and were often misdiagnosed as soft-tissue tumors such as hemangioma, sarcoma, or lipoma. The aim of our study was threefold: (1) to review the cadaveric and clinical literature to determine the reported prevalence of ASM; (2) to conduct a cadaveric study investigating the prevalence and attachment sites of the ASM; (3) to conduct a retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients presenting with ankle symptoms to determine prevalence and attachment sites of the ASM. Our findings demonstrated that the prevalence of the muscle (3%) was as stated in the literature (0.7-5.5%), but with males more likely to possess unilateral ASM and females more likely to possess bilateral ASM. Three common attachment types were reported in the literature: (i) a distal attachment to the medial aspect of the calcaneus by a separate tendon (26.1% of ASM subjects), (ii) a distal tendinous attachment to the calcaneal tendon (3.5%), and (iii) a distal fleshy attachment to the medial surface of the calcaneus (4.3%), with the remaining 66.1% of ASM subjects from previous studies with unidentified attachment types. Our cadaveric specimens were found to possess each attachment type, whereas imaging patients all possessed distal attachments to the medial calcaneus via a separate tendon. Furthermore, a rare cadaveric specimen with two distal attachments was also found. We believe it is important to recognize the prevalence of this condition and be aware of its morphology in order to understand its clinical presentation, accurately diagnose the condition, and pursue effective forms of management.

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The Accessory Soleus Muscle: Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

The presence of accessory soleous muscle in humans

The presence of accessory soleous muscle in humans

Trigger point dry needling, manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy and exercise for the management of Achilles tendinopathy: a feasibility study

Dissecting the accessory soleus muscle: A literature review, cadaveric study, and imaging study

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