The acceptability of contraception task-sharing among pharmacists in Canada — the ACT-Pharm study

Norman, Wendy V.; Soon, Judith A.; Panagiotoglou, Dimitra; Albert, Arianne; Zed, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2015.03.013

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Any disagreements were resolved after discussion. Of the studies, six were from the United States, five from Australia, three from Canada, two from the UK (England and Scotland) and one from South Africa . Across the publications, there were specific and varying definitions of ‘rural’, ranging from the number of people within a geographic area to more complex approaches, which included the number and nature of other health services within a geographic area or relatively close by (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does rural and urban community pharmacy practice differ? A narrative systematic review

Howarth

Peterson

Jackson

2019

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objectives Anecdotal comparisons between rural and urban community pharmacy practice have been frequently reported. Therefore, a narrative systematic review was conducted to examine the published international evidence comparing the nature of services provided from community pharmacies in both settings. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken across four databases. The key criterion for inclusion was a comparison of practice, excluding dispensing and associated counselling. Definitions of 'rural' were specific to the country and publication year. Key findings The search yielded 3830 titles, from which 17 publications met the inclusion criteria. The studies investigated current or proposed services and included the provision of pharmaceutical care, public health activities and prescribing. Rural customers were more willing to seek advice and talked longer to the pharmacist, but not always. There was limited evidence that rural pharmacists provided more professional services and they appeared to have better working relationships with prescribers. Many of the authors challenged the validity of their own results, suggesting that other confounding factors accounted for the observed differences. In general, the statistical analyses reported were basic, with multivariate analyses being uncommon. There was some evidence that rural pharmacists were seemingly more willing to take on new professional roles and deliver a higher level of service. However, this conclusion is based on a small number of studies, often with a limited number of respondents and simplistic data analyses. Further high-quality research is required to ascertain and characterise any real differences between rural and urban settings in community pharmacy practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does rural and urban community pharmacy practice differ? A narrative systematic review

Howarth

Peterson

Jackson

2019

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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“…Survey questions were drafted after a review of the existing literature on pharmacist prescription of contraception [3–5]. Our survey builds off of previous work that explored Canadian and American pharmacists interests in prescribing HC [4,5]. The survey was administered in fall 2015, subsequent to the legislation passing in Oregon but prior to implementation of the policy or to wide-spread education of pharmacists detailing the guidelines for participation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age, sex and years since pharmacy degree were recorded as categorical variables. Pharmacy type was categorized as: department-mass merchandise, chain, independent, hospital or other [4]. For pharmacy position, respondents were asked to check all that applied (full-time, part-time, floater, pharmacy manager, hospital pharmacist, other).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…” Pharmacists in this study expressed a need for additional training in screening and counseling women on HC use, and identified lack of payment mechanisms and liability issues as key barriers to pharmacist prescription of contraception [5]. In Canada, a survey of community pharmacists indicated a willingness to prescribe HC, but reported concern about start-up costs of offering the service as a significant barrier [4]. Much has changed since these surveys were conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacist prescription of hormonal contraception in Oregon: Baseline knowledge and interest in provision

Rodríguez¹,

McConnell

Swartz³

et al. 2016

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

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Objective Oregon has implemented legislation expanding the scope of pharmacists to directly prescribe short-acting hormonal contraception (pill and patch) without a medical prescription. Pharmacists are critical to the success of the new law, but relatively little is known about their intent to prescribe contraception, or the motivators or barriers in providing this service. Methods Cross-sectional survey of pharmacists practicing in Oregon prior to legislative implementation. We analyzed responses to assess contraceptive knowledge, motivation to participate in direct provision and perception of barriers to pharmacist prescription of contraception. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between years in pharmacy practice and intent to provide direct access to contraception. Results 509 pharmacists responded (17%). If training and reimbursement were offered, over half of pharmacists would potentially be interested in prescribing contraception, managing side effects or transitioning women to a different hormonal method (57%, 61% and 54% respectively). However, only 39.1% of pharmacists surveyed planned to actually prescribe hormonal contraception when the legislation took effect. Shortage of pharmacy staff to provide services, concerns about liability, and a need for additional training were the three largest barriers to participation. Pharmacists practicing in urban locations (OR 1.73 95%CI 1.11–2.70) or currently offering emergency contraception (OR 2.23 95%CI 1.47–3.40) were significantly more likely to be planning to participate. Conclusion Preliminary data indicate a need to support pharmacists with education on contraceptive provision and development of interventions to facilitate counseling in the pharmacy setting.

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“…Pharmacist's consultation fees as well as inappropriate refusal to provide OC might also add an extra burden. If OC are OTC, pharmacists will have to provide adequate counseling about pill use; a study of pharmacists in Canada indicated that was acceptable and feasible for them [40].…”

Section: Oral Contraceptives Over the Counter (Otc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pill at 56 and Counting: Still Contracepting After All These Years

Côté-Leduc

Roy

2016

Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep

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Oral contraceptives are one of the most popular contraceptive methods worldwide. They offer many benefits other than contraceptive efficacy; women also choose the pill for medical or personal reasons. While the pill is extremely safe, there are still concerns about side effects and complications, difficulties with cycle control and compliance. Several approaches have been developed to improve overall experience with oral contraceptives, including lowering doses of estrogen to diminish side effects, though that can create more bleeding irregularities and possibly reduce efficacy. Modifications of pill scheduling by proposing extended or continuous cycle have shown good results decreasing symptoms related to menses. Contraceptive pills can effectively decrease certain premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. Finally, the use of new technologies to try to increase adherence is being explored, though without convincing results so far.

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The acceptability of contraception task-sharing among pharmacists in Canada — the ACT-Pharm study

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Does rural and urban community pharmacy practice differ? A narrative systematic review

Does rural and urban community pharmacy practice differ? A narrative systematic review

Pharmacist prescription of hormonal contraception in Oregon: Baseline knowledge and interest in provision

The Pill at 56 and Counting: Still Contracepting After All These Years

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