The ACCENT-protocol: a framework for benchmarking and model evaluation

Grewe, Volker; Moussiopoulos, Ν.; Builtjes, P.; Borrego, Carlos; Isaksen, I. S. A.; Volz‐Thomas, A.

doi:10.5194/gmd-5-611-2012

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Hence this data base comprises also a good basis for a model intercomparison. Note that detection limits have to be taken into account for any model validation [37]. …”

Section: Satellite Climatologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the Climate Impact from Aviation: Achievements and Results of the DLR WeCare Project

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The WeCare project (Utilizing Weather information for Climate efficient and eco efficient future aviation), an internal project of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, DLR), aimed at finding solutions for reducing the climate impact of aviation based on an improved understanding of the atmospheric impact from aviation by making use of measurements and modeling approaches. WeCare made some important contributions to advance the scientific understanding in the area of atmospheric and air transportation research. We characterize contrail properties, show that the aircraft type significantly influences these properties, and how contrail-cirrus interacts with natural cirrus. Aviation NO x emissions lead to ozone formation and we show that the strength of the ozone enhancement varies, depending on where within a weather pattern NO x is emitted. These results, in combination with results on the effects of aerosol emissions on low cloud properties, give a revised view on the total radiative forcing of aviation. The assessment of a fleet of strut-braced wing aircraft with an open rotor is investigated and reveals the potential to significantly reduce the climate impact. Intermediate stop operations have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption. However, we find that, if only optimized for fuel use, they will have an increased climate impact, since non-CO 2 effects compensate the reduced warming from CO 2 savings. Avoiding climate sensitive regions has a large potential in reducing climate impact at relatively low costs. Taking advantage of a full 3D optimization has a much better eco-efficiency than lateral re-routings, only. The implementation of such operational measures requires many more considerations. Non-CO 2 aviation effects are not considered in international agreements. We showed that climate-optimal routing could be achieved, if market-based measures were in place, which include these non-CO 2 effects. An alternative measure to foster climate-optimal routing is the closing of air spaces, which are very climate-sensitive. Although less effective than an unconstrained optimization with respect to climate, it still has a significant potential to reduce the climate impact of aviation. By combining atmospheric and air transportation research, we assess climate mitigation measures, aiming at providing information to aviation stakeholders and policy-makers to make aviation more climate compatible.

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“…Hence this data base comprises also a good basis for a model intercomparison. Note that detection limits have to be taken into account for any model validation [37]. …”

Section: Satellite Climatologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the Climate Impact from Aviation: Achievements and Results of the DLR WeCare Project

et al. 2017

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“…[2] Stratospheric trace gas observations are often used to produce monthly zonal mean data sets, or climatologies [e.g., von Clarmann et al, 2012;Grooß and Russell, 2005;Hassler et al, 2009;Jones et al, 2012;Randel and Wu, 2007]. Monthly zonal mean data products are typically used as prescribed forcing for models [e.g., Cionni et al, 2011] and are also useful for comparison with similarly averaged chemistry climate model output [e.g., Grewe et al, 2012;SPARC CCMVal, 2010].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing sampling biases in the trace gas climatologies of the SPARC Data Initiative

et al. 2013

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Monthly zonal mean climatologies of atmospheric measurements from satellite instruments can have biases due to the nonuniform sampling of the atmosphere by the instruments. We characterize potential sampling biases in stratospheric trace gas climatologies of the Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate (SPARC) Data Initiative using chemical fields from a chemistry climate model simulation and sampling patterns from 16 satellite‐borne instruments. The exercise is performed for the long‐lived stratospheric trace gases O3 and H2O. Monthly sampling biases for O3 exceed 10% for many instruments in the high‐latitude stratosphere and in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, while annual mean sampling biases reach values of up to 20% in the same regions for some instruments. Sampling biases for H2O are generally smaller than for O3, although still notable in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere and Southern Hemisphere high latitudes. The most important mechanism leading to monthly sampling bias is nonuniform temporal sampling, i.e., the fact that for many instruments, monthly means are produced from measurements which span less than the full month in question. Similarly, annual mean sampling biases are well explained by nonuniformity in the month‐to‐month sampling by different instruments. Nonuniform sampling in latitude and longitude are shown to also lead to nonnegligible sampling biases, which are most relevant for climatologies which are otherwise free of biases due to nonuniform temporal sampling.

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“…Model Assessment Methods include papers which discuss work on developing new benchmarks for assessing model performance (e.g. Grewe et al, 2012), or novel ways of comparing model results with observational data (e.g. Hemmings and Challenor, 2012).…”

Section: Model Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: The publication of geoscientific model developments v1.0

2013

Geosci. Model Dev.

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In 2008, the first volume of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) journal Geoscientific Model Development (GMD) was published. GMD was founded because we perceived there to be a need for a space to publish comprehensive descriptions of numerical models in the geosciences. The journal is now well established, with the submission rate increasing over time. However, there are several aspects of model publication that we believe could be further improved. In this editorial we assess the lessons learned over the first few years of the journal's life, and describe some changes to GMD's editorial policy, which will ensure that the models and model developments are published in such a way that they are of maximum value to the community.

These changes to editorial policy mostly focus on improving the rigour of the review process through a stricter requirement for access to the materials necessary to test the behaviour of the models.

Throughout this editorial, "must" means that the stated actions are required, and the paper cannot be published without them; "strongly encouraged" means that we encourage the action, but papers can still be published if the criteria are not met; "may" means that the action may be carried out by the authors or referees, if they so wish.

We have reviewed and rationalised the manuscript types into five new categories. For all papers which are primarily based on a specific numerical model, the changes are as follows:

– The paper must be accompanied by the code, or means of accessing the code, for the purpose of peer-review. If the code is normally distributed in a way which could compromise the anonymity of the referees, then the code must be made available to the editor. The referee/editor is not required to review the code in any way, but they may do so if they so wish.

– All papers must include a section at the end of the paper entitled "Code availability". In this section, instructions for obtaining the code (e.g. from a supplement, or from a website) should be included; alternatively, contact information should be given where the code can be obtained on request, or the reasons why the code is not available should be clearly stated.

– We strongly encourage authors to upload any user manuals associated with the code.

– For models where this is practicable, we strongly encourage referees to compile the code, and run test cases supplied by the authors where appropriate.

– For models which have been previously described in the "grey" literature (e.g. as internal institutional documents), we strongly encourage authors to include this grey literature as a supplement, when this is allowed by the original authors.

– All papers must include a model name and version number (or other unique identifier) in the title.

It is our perception that, since Geoscientific Model Development (GMD) was founded, it has become increasingly common to see model descriptions p...

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The ACCENT-protocol: a framework for benchmarking and model evaluation

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Mitigating the Climate Impact from Aviation: Achievements and Results of the DLR WeCare Project

Mitigating the Climate Impact from Aviation: Achievements and Results of the DLR WeCare Project

Characterizing sampling biases in the trace gas climatologies of the SPARC Data Initiative

Editorial: The publication of geoscientific model developments v1.0

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