The Abundance, Seasonal Occurrence and Distribution of the Epizooplankton between New York and Bermuda

Grice, George D.; Hart, Arch D.

doi:10.2307/1942377

Cited by 135 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These, in turn, are consumed by small invertebrate omnivores or carnivores of which there might be several intermediate levels before they are large enough to be utilized by exploitable fish sto&s. Thus, as Ryther (1969)has suggested, even though tropical oceans have an annual primary production of about one-half of productive, temperate areas, their potential yield of fish is orders of magnitude less because trophic structure is organized in longer pathways, each intermediate level resulting in an appreciable loss in the transfer of energy. This view is consistent with observations that the relative importance of predatory zooplankton increases in stable tropical oceans (Grice & Hart, 1962;Timonin, 1969).…”

Section: Fig 1: Trophic Organization In Pelagic Ecosystemssupporting

confidence: 92%

A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems

Landry

1977

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

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The physical environment has an important influence on the size composition of primary producers in plankton communities. This effect is transmitted through the trophic structure by size selective feeding processes at each level. A pictorial representation of trophic organization in pelagic ecosystems is presented which illustrates the complex involvement of individual species in the food web and the dynamic nature of ecosystem development along alternate pathways.

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Section: Fig 1: Trophic Organization In Pelagic Ecosystemssupporting

confidence: 92%

A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems

Landry

1977

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

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“…A similar order of magnitude difference in zooplankton biomass between neritic and oceanic zooplankton has been found in the more traditional net collections of zooplankton (Grice & Hart 1962).…”

Section: Time Seriessupporting

confidence: 71%

Temporal and spatial patterns of zooplankton in the Chesapeake Bay turbidity maximum

Roman¹,

Holliday²,

Sanford³

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

139

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We measured the distribution of hydrographic parameters, currents, phytoplankton fluorescence, suspended sediments and zooplankton in axial transects through the Chesapeake Bay estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) seasonally (May, July and October 1996) and over tidal cycles within seasons. Zooplankton abundance was estimated with a 6-frequency, Tracor Acoustical Profiling System (TAPS-6) at the same vertical (0.25 to 0.50 m) and horizontal (0.5 to 1.5 km) resolution as hydrographic parameters and suspended sediments. The general pattern exhibited in axial transects through the Chesapeake Bay ETM is that sediments, fluorescence and zooplankton are in higher concentrations up-Bay of the salt wedge (defined as the intersection of the 1 isohaline with the bottom). The salinity front appears to trap these particles in the upper portion of Chesapeake Bay. The highest acoustically determined zooplankton biomass generally occurred near the bottom, at the toe of the salt wedge. The convergence zone associated with this feature concentrates sediments and zooplankton (primarily the copepod Eurytemora affinis). Advection appeared to dominate changes in zooplankton abundance during time series studies at a fixed station in the ETM. Zooplankton biomass at the fixed ETM station increased/decreased with the tidal excursion of the salt wedge. Water column zooplankton concentrations and the vertical distribution of zooplankton biomass appeared to be influenced by currents. We often found that during maximum ebb and flood tidal currents, zooplankton biomass and sediments in the mid and upper water column increased. Thus the hydrodynamic processes that resuspend, advect and trap suspended sediments in the ETM likely have the same effects on zooplankton. The ETM of the Chesapeake Bay appears to act as an entrapment zone for zooplankton. The lack of diel vertical migration, carrying eggs until they are ready to hatch, possible reduced predation by visual predators in the turbid waters, and the ability to consume phytoplankton, protozoa and detritus all may allow Eurytemora to persist at high concentrations in the Chesapeake Bay ETM. KEY WORDS: Zooplankton · Estuarine turbidity maximum zone · Chesapeake Bay Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 213: [215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227] 2001 to 30 km along the N/S axis of the bay (Fig. 1). The location of the ETM varies seasonally and at shorter time scales due to variations in freshwater input and wind-forcing. The ETM region of the Chesapeake Bay has a mean volume of approximately 2.63 km 3 and a mean depth of 4 m. Almost all of the freshwater input to the ETM region comes from the Susquehanna River. At the average Susquehanna River flow of 1100 m 3 s -1 , the freshwater replacement time of the ETM region is approximately 1 mo. Suspended sediment concentrations in the ETM are generally 40 to 80 mg l -1 higher than concentrations upstream or downstream of the ETM, with the largest concen...

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“…This is not surprising, as product~on in coastal waters is generally higher than in open ocean waters, particularly in tropical and oligotrophic systems (e.g. Gnce & Hart 1962, Ortner et al 1977, Tranter & Kerr 1977, Wiebe et al 1985, but also in temperate waters (Pillar 1986, Fiedler & Bernard 1987. For example, in shelf waters of the central Californian (USA) coast, upwelling results in an environment rich in phytoplankton that supports fisheries for albacore Thunnus alalunga and skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (Fiedler 81 Bernard 1987).…”

Section: Importance Of the Shelfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass of zooplankton and micronekton in the southern bluefin tuna fishing grounds off eastern Tasmania, Australia

Young¹,

Rw²,

Lamb³

et al. 1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The southern bluefin tuna (SBT) supports a seasonal fishery off the east coast of Tasmania, Australia. The distribution of zooplankton biomass in this region was examined a s a means of finding out why the SBT are attracted to this area. We examined whether there was a particular area or depth stratum that supported significantly greater amounts of potential feed, directly or indirectly, for SBT Samples of zooplankton and micronekton were collected during the winter SBT fishery seasons in 1992-94. Five net types (mouth opening 0 25 to -80 m') w~t h codend mesh sizes ranging from 100 to 1000 pm were used. Samples were collected from 4 main hydrographic areas: warm East Australian Current water, cool subantarctic water, the front separating them (the subtrop~cal convergence), and the adjacent shelf. Four depth strata (50, 150, 250 and 350 m) were also sampled. In contrast to our expectations, the biomass in the subtropical convergence was no greater than that in the 3 other areas. Rather, it was the shelf, albeit with some inconsistencies, that generally had the greatest biomass of both zooplankton and micronekton. Offshore, there was no s~gnificant difference in the biomass of the depth strata sampled, although the biomass of gelatinous zooplankton in the surface waters increased during the study period. We suggest that the higher bionlass on the shelf is the result of increased nutrients derived from a mixture of subantarctic water and upwelling along the shelf break. This biomass is converted via krill and gelatinous zooplankton to small pelagics such as jack mackerel, and finally to top predators, amongst which is SBT The SBT, particularly sub-adults, may time their migration eastward to take advantage of the concentrations of prey present at this tune of year

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The Abundance, Seasonal Occurrence and Distribution of the Epizooplankton between New York and Bermuda

Cited by 135 publications

References 32 publications

A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems

A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems

Temporal and spatial patterns of zooplankton in the Chesapeake Bay turbidity maximum

Biomass of zooplankton and micronekton in the southern bluefin tuna fishing grounds off eastern Tasmania, Australia

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