The Abundance, Distribution and Edge Associations of Six Non-Indigenous, Harmful Plants across North Carolina

Merriam, R. W.

doi:10.2307/3557546

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Habitat quality created by road proximity interacted with natural gradients of canopy openness and landscape position. Roadsides in valleys, for example, were favored over ridges, reflecting the greater soil moisture found in valley sites (Olivero and Hix 1998;Hutchinson et al 1999) and the common observation that nonnative species are more abundant in moist sites (Knops et al 1995;Merriam 2003). In addition to providing habitat, road corridors appear to be channeling population expansion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The habitat and conduit functions of roads in the spread of three invasive plant species

2008

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Nonnative plant species commonly occur along roadsides, and populations are often assumed to invade by spread along the road axis. To distinguish between the function of roadsides as movement corridors and as habitat, nonnative plant species were surveyed along roads in deciduous forest sites in southeastern Ohio, USA. The importance of road proximity was tested by comparing nonnative species abundance in 100 m transects along roads with transects in undisturbed forest. Nonnative species were most abundant and most frequently observed in roadside sites in valleys. Three common species were chosen for closer scrutiny. In a seed sowing experiment roads and open sites proved to be better locations for the germination and growth of Microstegium vimineum than non-roadside and closed-canopy sites. Tussilago farfara and Rosa multiflora occurred in a small number of disjunct patches suggesting infrequent arrival in the sampled transects. Both species were strongly clustered at scales consistent with diffusive spread by vegetative growth and short-range seed dispersal. Comparisons of distributions parallel and perpendicular to roads showed no evidence for enhanced dispersal along the road axis. Microstegium distributions were correlated with local light availability implying site saturation. Microstegium micro-distributions suggested that spread along the road axis was facilitated by movement of dormant seeds in road maintenance. Thus, roadsides appear to function as both habitat and a conduit for population expansion, with the rate of spread dependent on the life history of the individual species. These results suggest a hierarchical process of regional invasion, with different dispersal mechanisms functioning at different spatial scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The habitat and conduit functions of roads in the spread of three invasive plant species

2008

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“…Hanula et al found Chinese privet heavily infested streamside forests along the Oconee River north of Athens, GA [5]. Merriam found Chinese privet had a coefficient of association more than 50% higher for river and stream banks in North Carolina than would be expected if its distribution among different edge types was random or uniform [28]. This suggests that moist riparian soils provide suitable conditions and/or floods might be a seed-carrying mechanism for the seeds [6,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chinese privet commonly is found adjacent to roadways [28]. Flory and Clay found that roads could increase soil moisture, soil disturbance, nutrient runoff, sun exposure, and temperature, which can promote plant invasions independent of roads [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion of Eastern Texas Forestlands by Chinese Privet: Efficacy of Alternative Management Strategies

Wang

Grant

2014

Diversity

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Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) was the most prevalent invasive shrub in the forestlands of Eastern Texas in 2006. We analyzed extensive field data collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of the U.S. Forest Service to quantify the range expansion of Chinese privet from 2006 to 2011. Our results indicated the presence of Chinese privet on sampled plots increased during this period. Chinese privet spread extensively in the north. Results of logistic regression, which classified 73% of the field plots correctly with regard to species presence and absence, indicated probability of invasion was correlated positively with elevation, adjacency (within 300 m) to water bodies, and site productivity, and was correlated negatively with stand age, site preparation (including clearing, slash burning, chopping, disking, bedding, and other practices clearly intended to prepare a site for regeneration), artificial regeneration (which refers to planting or direct seeding that results in at least 50% of the stand being comprised of stocked trees), and distance to the nearest road. Habitats most at risk to further invasion (likelihood of invasion > 40%) under current conditions occurred primarily in Northeast Texas. Practicing site preparation and artificial regeneration reduced the estimated probabilities of further invasion.

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“…One such high-impact exotic species is Celastrus orbiculatus (Thunb. ), a liana intentionally introduced from Asia in the 1860s for ornamentation that now threatens deciduous forests throughout the eastern United States (Dreyer et al 1987;Drake et al 2003;Merriam 2003;Howard 2005). Traits that appear to facilitate invasiveness of C. orbiculatus include its high reproductive capacity, fast above-ground growth, and plasticity to adapt to a variety of site conditions (Dreyer et al 1987;Greenberg et al 2001;Ellsworth et al 2004;Leicht and Silander 2006;Leicht-Young et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizae and soil phosphorus affect growth of Celastrus orbiculatus

2011

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Celastrus orbiculatus is an exotic liana that exploits disturbed areas in the eastern United States and once established, can invade into relatively undisturbed forest ecosystems. Mechanisms facilitating its invasion are not fully understood, including whether associations with mycorrhizal fungi are related to its invasion success. We grew C. orbiculatus in a greenhouse and compared growth responses when mycorrhizal fungi or a fungistatic were added to growth media that was either phosphorus-limiting or non-limiting. Results indicated C. orbiculatus forms association with native endomycorrhizal but not with native ectomycorrhizal fungi regardless of phosphorus level. Plants grown with sufficient phosphorus had significantly higher above-ground morphological and physiological traits but significantly lower root biomass compared to plants grown in low phosphorus conditions. Although above-ground traits did not vary significantly between mycorrhizal versus fungistatic added treatments, root biomass was significantly less in plants inoculated with mycorrhizae compared to plants receiving fungistatic. Under low phosphorus conditions, mycorrhizae appeared to be beneficial to the plant although being mycorrhizal did not fully compensate for insufficient phosphorous in the greenhouse situation where pot size limited soil exploration. Our results suggest that in the presence of mycorrhizae or sufficient phosphorus, C. orbiculatus can respond by preferentially allocating energy to above-ground growth, thus supporting its liana growth form onto trees and allowing the exotic to outcompete native species for light resources. If mycorrhizal fungi aid in acquisition of phosphorus, this association could be related to the invasion success of C. orbiculatus.

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The Abundance, Distribution and Edge Associations of Six Non-Indigenous, Harmful Plants across North Carolina

Cited by 57 publications

References 13 publications

The habitat and conduit functions of roads in the spread of three invasive plant species

The habitat and conduit functions of roads in the spread of three invasive plant species

Invasion of Eastern Texas Forestlands by Chinese Privet: Efficacy of Alternative Management Strategies

Mycorrhizae and soil phosphorus affect growth of Celastrus orbiculatus

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