The absorption spectra of visual purple and of indicator yellow

Lythgoe, R. J.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1937.sp003482

Cited by 166 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Rhodopsin apparently does not possess an acidic or basic grouping in close association with its chromophore, but such a grouping is exposed as a first result of irradiation (cf. Lythgoe, 1937). The effects of pH change on the absorption spectra of bleached products are in some cases large and peculiar, probably because they involve complicated mixtures of pigments.…”

Section: Recapitulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is this mixture to which Kiihne at times applied the term "visual yellow," and which Lythgoe (1937) has suggested be called "indicator yellow." Both terms are ambiguous.…”

Section: Final Products Of Bleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a strong disposition to believe that the pure rhodopsin spectrum is identical in form with the visibility function of the rods; in this case its absorption at 400 m/~ should be only about 5 per cent of that at the maximum (cf. Lythgoe, 1937). Hosoya and Bayerl (1933) have attempted to estimate empirically the absorption due to impurities in rhodopsin solutions.…”

Section: The Spectrum Of Rhodopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These were derived from retinas pretreated with acid (Lythgoe, 1937), or with acidic alum solutions (Chase and Haig, 1937-38; present experiments), or by purifying initial extracts by fractional precipitation (Krause and Sidwell, 1938). The efficacy of alum treatment appears to be due to the fact that proteins other than rhodopsin are rendered insoluble.…”

Section: The Spectrum Of Rhodopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now clear that under all known conditions the bleaching of rhodopsin yields colored products (Lythgoe, 1937;Wald, 1937a). Difference spectra, therefore, though on occasion useful for descriptive purposes, possess no physical meaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Rhodopsin in Solution

Wald

1938

Journal of General Physiology

124

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1. The properties of rhodopsin in solution have been examined in preparations from marine fishes, frogs, and mammals. 2. The bleaching of neutral rhodopsin in solution includes a photic and at least three thermal ("dark") processes. Thermal reactions account for approximately half the total fall in extinction at 500 mµ. 3. Bleaching has been investigated at various pH's from 3.9 to about 11. With increase in pH the velocity of the thermal components increases rapidly. Though the spectrum of rhodopsin itself is scarcely affected by change in pH, the spectra of all product-mixtures following irradiation are highly pH-labile. 4. The spectrum of pure rhodopsin—or of the rhodopsin chromophore—is fixed within narrow limits. The extinction at 400 mµ lies between 0.20 to 0.32 of that at the maximum. 5. Within the limitations of available data, the spectrum of pure rhodopsin corresponds in form and position with the spectral sensitivity of human rod vision, computed at the retinal surface. 6. The nature of bleaching of rhodopsin in solution, its kinetics, and its significance in the retinal cycle are discussed.

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Section: Recapitulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is this mixture to which Kiihne at times applied the term "visual yellow," and which Lythgoe (1937) has suggested be called "indicator yellow." Both terms are ambiguous.…”

Section: Final Products Of Bleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%