The absorption spectra of the molecules H2, HD, and D2

Monfils, A.

doi:10.1016/0022-2852(65)90146-3

Cited by 95 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Twenty years later, Werner reported the analysis of the C 1 P u À X 1 R þ g band system [56], now referred to as the Werner band system. In subsequent years, covering half a century, investigations on the H 2 spectrum of ever increasing resolution and accuracy were reported by Dieke and Hopfield [57], Hori [58], Hyman [59], Jeppesen [60], Dieke [61], Herzberg and Howe [62], Monfils [63], and Namioka [64,65], culminating in the benchmark study of Dabrowski [66]. In the upcoming sections, and in particular in the Tables, reference to the Lyman and Werner band systems is abbreviated, where Lv refers to B …”

Section: H 2 Spectroscopy In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

On a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio: H2 spectra in the line of sight of high-redshift quasars and in the laboratory

Ubachs

Buning

Eikema

et al. 2007

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy

124

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Recently the finding of an indication for a decrease of the proton-to-electron mass ratio l = m p /m e by 0.002% in the past 12 billion years was reported in the form of a Letter [E. Reinhold, R. Buning, U. Hollenstein, P. Petitjean, A. Ivanchik, W. Ubachs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 151101]. Here we will further detail the methods that led to that result and put it in perspective. Laser spectroscopy on molecular hydrogen, using a narrow-band and tunable extreme ultraviolet laser system at the Laser Centre Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, results in transition wavelengths of spectral lines in theWerner band systems at an accuracy of (4-11) · 10 À8, depending on the wavelength region. This corresponds to an absolute accuracy of 0.000004-0.000010 nm. A database of 233 accurately calibrated H 2 lines is presented here for future reference and comparison with astronomical observations. Recent observations of the same spectroscopic features in cold hydrogen clouds at redshifts z = 2.5947325 and z = 3.0248970 in the line of sight of two quasar light sources (Q 0405À443 and Q 0347À383) resulted in 76 reliably determined transition wavelengths of H 2 lines at accuracies in the range 2 · 10 À7 to 1 · 10 À6 . Those observations were performed with the Ultraviolet and Visible Echelle Spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory at Paranal, Chile. A third ingredient in the analysis is the calculation of an improved set of sensitivity coefficients K i , a parameter associated with each spectral line, representing the dependence of the transition wavelength on a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio l. The new model for calculation of the K i sensitivity coefficients is based on a Dunham representation of ground state and excited state level energies, derived from the most accurate data available in literature for the X 1 R þ g ground electronic state and the presently determined level energies in the B 1 R þ u and C 1 P u states. Moreover, the model includes adiabatic corrections to electronic energies as well as local perturbation effects between B and C levels. The full analysis and a tabulation of the resulting K i coefficients is given in this paper. A statistical analysis of the data yields an indication for a variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio of Dl/l = (2.45 ± 0.59) · 10 À5 for a weighted fit and Dl/l = (1.99 ± 0.58) · 10 À5 for an unweighted fit. This result, indicating the decrease of l, has a statistical significance of 3.5r. Mass-variations as discussed relate to inertial or kinematic masses, rather than gravitational masses. Separate treatment of the data gives a similar positive result for each of the quasars Q 0405À443 and Q 0347À383. The statistical analysis is further documented and possible systematic shifts underlying the data, with the possibility of mimicking a non-zero Dl/l value, are discussed. The observed decrease in l corresponds to a rate of change of d lnl/dt = À2 · 10 À15 per year, if a linear variation with time is assumed. Expe...

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Section: H 2 Spectroscopy In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

On a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio: H2 spectra in the line of sight of high-redshift quasars and in the laboratory

Ubachs

Buning

Eikema

et al. 2007

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy

124

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“…4 (b), where the R(0) transition in the (10,0) band is blended with the Q(1) and R(2) transitions from the (4,0) band of the D ′′ − X system [34]. A similar procedure was followed in the analysis of the R(1) lines in the (11,0), (14,0) In the comparison with the previous measurements of Monfils [4], indicated in Tab. 2 for the Π + components up to v = 15, differences amount to between 1 and 2 cm −1 , which is similar to the differences found for the Π − levels when comparing Monfils to Roudjane et al [15] and is hence ascribed to the uncertainties in the classical study of Monfils.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Analysis: Ft Absorption Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assignments for the Π + levels were made by comparison with the data of Monfils [4] up to v = 15. Beyond v = 15 no measurements exist and so assignments of these transitions were made starting with the emission data of the Π − levels [15].…”

Section: Spectroscopic Analysis: Ft Absorption Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beutler and coworkers were the first to observe this in the D 1 Π + u -X 1 Σ + g system in D 2 (and in H 2 , for which v = 3 is the first predissociated level) and correctly assigned the sequence of vibrational levels up to v = 7 [3]. Higher resolution studies, conducted by Monfils [4], confirmed these vibrational assignments and extended them up to v = 15 and to high rotational states (J up to 9), for both Π + and Π − parity components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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VUV Spectroscopic Study of theD¹Π_uState of Molecular Deuterium

et al. 2011

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The D 1 Πu -X 1 Σ + g absorption system of molecular deuterium has been re-investigated using the VUV Fourier -Transform (FT) spectrometer at the DESIRS beamline of the synchrotron SOLEIL and photon-induced fluorescence spectrometry (PIFS) using the 10 m normal incidence monochromator at the synchrotron BESSY II. Using the FT spectrometer absorption spectra in the range 72 -82 nm were recorded in quasi static gas at 100 K and in a free flowing jet at a spectroscopic resolution of 0.50 and 0.20 cm −1 respectively . The narrow Q-branch transitions, probing states of Π − symmetry, were observed up to vibrational level v = 22. The states of Π + symmetry, known to be broadened due to predissociation and giving rise to asymmetric Beutler-Fano resonances, were studied up to v = 18. The 10 m normal incidence beamline setup at BESSY II was used to simultaneously record absorption, dissociation, ionization and fluorescence decay channels from which information on the line intensities, predissociated widths, and Fano q-parameters were extracted. R-branch transitions were observed up to v = 23 for J = 1-3 as well as several transitions for J = 4 and 5 up to v = 22 and 18 respectively. The Q-branch transitions are found to weakly predissociate and were observed from v = 8 to the final vibrational level of the state v = 23. The spectroscopic study is supported by two theoretical frameworks. Results on the Π − symmetry states are compared to ab initio multi-channel-quantum defect theory (MQDT) calculations, demonstrating that these calculations are accurate to within 0.5 cm −1 . Furthermore, the calculated line intensities of Q-lines agree well with measured values. For the states of Π + symmetry a perturbative model based on a single bound state interacting with a predissociation continuum was explored, yielding good agreement for predissociation widths, Fano q-parameters and line intensities.

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“…From the 1960s, Herzberg and Monfils have studied its absorption spectrum over a wider range with a much higher accuracy, which led to the discovery of new electronic states (B . [11][12][13] In subsequent years Wilkinson, 14 Bredohl and Herzberg, 15 Dabrowski and Herzberg, 16 Takezawa and Tanaka, 17 and Larzillière et al 18 have further extended the spectral investigations using classical spectrometers. Later, after the development of nonlinear optical techniques, tunable extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation from a laser-based source was used to yield improved accuracy in the spectroscopy of the D 2 Lyman and Werner bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VUV Fourier-transform absorption study of the Lyman and Werner bands in D2

Lange

Dickenson

Salumbides

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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An extensive survey of the D 2 absorption spectrum has been performed with the high-resolution VUV Fourier-transform spectrometer employing synchrotron radiation. The frequency range of 90 000-119 000 cm electronic states correlate with the D(1s) + D(3 ) dissociation limit, but support a few vibrational levels below the second dissociation limit, respectively, v = 0-3 and v = 0-1, and are also included in the presented study. The complete set of resulting level energies is the most comprehensive and accurate data set for D 2 . The observations are compared with previous studies, both experimental and theoretical.

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The absorption spectra of the molecules H2, HD, and D2

Cited by 95 publications

References 12 publications

On a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio: H2 spectra in the line of sight of high-redshift quasars and in the laboratory

On a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio: H2 spectra in the line of sight of high-redshift quasars and in the laboratory

VUV Spectroscopic Study of theD¹Π_uState of Molecular Deuterium

VUV Fourier-transform absorption study of the Lyman and Werner bands in D2

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The absorption spectra of the molecules H2, HD, and D2

Cited by 95 publications

References 12 publications

On a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio: H2 spectra in the line of sight of high-redshift quasars and in the laboratory

On a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio: H2 spectra in the line of sight of high-redshift quasars and in the laboratory

VUV Spectroscopic Study of theD1ΠuState of Molecular Deuterium

VUV Fourier-transform absorption study of the Lyman and Werner bands in D2

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VUV Spectroscopic Study of theD¹Π_uState of Molecular Deuterium