In this dissertation by an old\p=m-\orlet us say, older\p=m-\pediatrician, I wish to elaborate on the hypothesis that research in practice is a partial solution to the problem of the ills of pediatrics. And since my years permit it, I should like to give advice to younger men seeking the "New Pediatrics." Today it is a common complaint among these young pediatricians (and many older ones) that they are less than happy in the pursuit of their profession. The hours are long; payment, in contrast to other fields of medicine, not particularly rewarding; and that, most of all, they are bored. Perhaps boredom could be better replaced by the word "fed-up." Certainly one would be a magnificent hypocrite if at times he did not admit to being "fed-up" by the day-t o\ x=req-\ day pressures of practice, having to see too many people in too short a time, having to mollify overwrought mothers, having to answer innumerable silly questions, repeat over and over instructions on the loose stools, sore bottoms, invisible rashes, and the com¬ mon cold. I find myself, and I am sure that many other pediatricians have the same experience, reasonably easy and relaxed in the morning if I happened to have had a good night's sleep, but by evening irascible when a phone call in regard to Johnny's stuffy nose (present for 3 days) interrupts my dinner. To add to such a harried physi¬ cian the thought of research as part of his already overburdened life seems almost ridi¬ culous. Nonetheless, research is possible and extremely rewarding.One may do research while in practice in one of 3 ways: (1) He may take time off from his practice and do investigation in an institution, such as a medical school or his hospital, on a part-time basis, usually in a field divorced from his day-to-day practice.(2) He may choose a problem from prac¬ tice and collaborate with one of his col¬ leagues who is working full-time in a