The absorption of monosaccharides from the large intestine of the rat under urethane anaesthesia

Davidson, James; Garry, R. C.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1939.sp003768

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…To investigate this we did not believe that existing experimental methods, designed for urinary electrolytes, would be suitable.6 I Likewise, methods for investigating absorption of glucose from the intact gastrointestinal tract were of no use. 8 The experimental method that we used was developed from the one described by Dretler," with phenol red being used as an inert marker. If ileum in the conduit behaved in the same way as "gastrointestinal" ileum some absorption of glucose could be expected, especially in a diabetic and in the presence of sodium ions.'…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fear of fatal reactions and a consequent change in lifestyle follows non-fatal systemic reaction to the venom.2 Since the first procedure of hyposensitisation with pure venom was described in 1974,3 details of many different methods have been published.4-7 Insect venoms and venom proteins have been used in the diagnosis of insect sting allergy by direct skin testing.4 Analysis by means of the radioallergosorbent test for specific IgE antibody has been performed. 8 We studied 11 patients at risk of developing anaphylaxis to wasp venom. Hyposensitisation with the maximum dose was achieved within six hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption of glucose from urinary conduits in diabetics and non-diabetics.

Sridhar¹,

Samuell²,

Woodhouse³

1983

BMJ

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The ability of urinary conduits to absorb glucose was investigated. A solution containing 1% glucose and the inert marker phenol red was put into conduits in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Samples were withdrawn at intervals for analysis and the fall in concentrations plotted against time. The loops in the patients without diabetes did not absorb glucose, but glucose was absorbed in one of the three diabetics.Ileal loops in patients with diabetes may absorb urinary glucose. This should be checked in any diabetic with urinary diversion before advice is given on long term management. Routine testing of conduit urine for glucose may not be an adequate screen for diabetes in patients with urinary diversions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of glucose from urinary conduits in diabetics and non-diabetics.

Sridhar¹,

Samuell²,

Woodhouse³

1983

BMJ

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“…could be recovered. In animal experiments, McNealy andWillems (1929, 1931) and Davidson and Garry (1939) found that there was no loss of glucose from loops of colon in one hour and one-and-a-half hours respectively. Ebeling (1933) confirmed these results but found that when dogs were rendered hypoglycaemic, 21 per cent.…”

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confidence: 99%

The nutrient enema

Mackenzie¹

1943

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Since Voit and Bauer (1869) published their observations on nutrient enemata, numerous papers have been written dealing with the question of absorption from' the rectum.' As yet, no unanimity of opinion exists regarding their value. In recent years, few contributions to the subject have been made.The present paper is a report of investigations performed with three of the more important substances which are commonly used in nutrient enemata, namely, glucose, normal saline and predigested protein.The absorption of glucose The largest number of investigations on absorption from nutrient enemata have been devoted to the problem of absorption of rectal glucose, but a perusal of the literature has revealed a welter of results and conclusions.There seems to be complete conflict of opinion regarding the changes in the blood-sugar content in fasting subjects, after the injection of a glucose enema. In a series of seven cases, Tallerman (1919) found a rise in the peripheral blood-sugar level in four cases and a fall in three cases. Rubino and Varela (1922) (1913) and Corkill (1936) were unable to confirm this. In the course of their experiments on the effect of rectal glucose on ketosis, Bergmark (1915) and Mutch and Ryffel (1913) found a marked fall in the excretion of nitrogen after the glucose enema: the latter workers attributed this fall to the protein-sparing action of glucose absorbed from the enema and showed that the fall was approximately equivalent to that produced by a similar amount of glucose taken by mouth. Langdon Brown (1911) was unable to demonstrate this effect.Little help in the elucidation of this problem has been offered from the clinical aspect. Only two cases have been reported, one by Collens and Boas (1933) and one by Bauer and Monguio (1932), when glucose has been given per rectum in hypoglycaemic coma. The coma was relieved in both of these cases.The present investigation. In this investigation rectal absorption was studied in convalescent children aged between five and thirteen years. The problem was approached in three ways. In one group of investigations the peripheral blood-sugar levels were observed before and after the rectal injection of glucose solutions in the fasting subject; secondly, in some of these cases the quantity of glucose recovered from a rectal washout at the end of the test period was determined. In the third group of investigations, the effect of rectal glucose on the nitrogen metabolism was studied.BLOOD-SUGAR STIUDIES. The fasting subject was given a cleansing enema one hour before the start of the experiment when a specimen of capillary blood was obtained from the ear or the finger. The glucose solution was then allowed to run into the lower bowel through a No. 8 (English gauge) rubber 22 on 10 May 2018 by guest. Protected by copyright.

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“…In this case it seems logical to expect provision for absorption from either the caecum or colon or both. For investigating the functions of the caecum and colon one of this group of animals, the guinea-pig, has been selected because it is easy to work with and readily procurable.As it has been shown that monosaccharides are not absorbed from the large intestine of either the carnivorous dog (McNealy and Williams, 1929) or the omnivorous rat (Davidson and Garry, 1939), the first group of experiments in this investigation was devoted to studying the absorption of monosaccharides from the large intestine of the guinea-pig.The investigation involved the introduction of glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose into isolated intestinal segments of the guinea-pig with their subsequent recovery and estimation; and the determination of blood glucose levels before and after introducing glucose into segments of the gastrointestinal tract. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it has been shown that monosaccharides are not absorbed from the large intestine of either the carnivorous dog (McNealy and Williams, 1929) or the omnivorous rat (Davidson and Garry, 1939), the first group of experiments in this investigation was devoted to studying the absorption of monosaccharides from the large intestine of the guinea-pig.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Absorption of Monosaccharides From the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Guinea‐pig

Hagen

1952

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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The digestive tracts of herbivora appear to be of two main types. Firstly that of the ruminant, in which fermentation with production of fatty acids takes place in the rumen prior to the foodstuffs entering the true stomach and small intestine so that by the time the food passes into the large intestine all significant absorption has been completed. The main function of the large intestine in this case appears to be abstraction of water. Secondly, those of the group represented by horse, guinea-pig, rabbit and others which, although living and thriving on the same diet as ruminants, have no rumen but possess a large caecum in which, it is presumed, fermentation proceeds in much the same manner as in the rumen. In this case it seems logical to expect provision for absorption from either the caecum or colon or both. For investigating the functions of the caecum and colon one of this group of animals, the guinea-pig, has been selected because it is easy to work with and readily procurable.As it has been shown that monosaccharides are not absorbed from the large intestine of either the carnivorous dog (McNealy and Williams, 1929) or the omnivorous rat (Davidson and Garry, 1939), the first group of experiments in this investigation was devoted to studying the absorption of monosaccharides from the large intestine of the guinea-pig.The investigation involved the introduction of glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose into isolated intestinal segments of the guinea-pig with their subsequent recovery and estimation; and the determination of blood glucose levels before and after introducing glucose into segments of the gastrointestinal tract. METHOD.Sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia was administered intraperitoneally. The segment of intestine being studied was cut at either end, washed tlirough with physiological saline until the washings were quite clear, then firmly ligated at both ends. The isotonic solution of monosaccharide was introduced from a burette directly through a fine hypodermic needle inserted through the wall of the gut until the segment was just filled without overdistention. After 2 to 2^ hours the intestinal segments were removed, opened and I This work was done with the aid of a grant from the Commonwealth Research Fund for Universities.

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The absorption of monosaccharides from the large intestine of the rat under urethane anaesthesia

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Absorption of glucose from urinary conduits in diabetics and non-diabetics.

Absorption of glucose from urinary conduits in diabetics and non-diabetics.

The nutrient enema

The Absorption of Monosaccharides From the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Guinea‐pig

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