The absorption, distribution, and excretion of alkylpolyethoxylates by rats and humans

Drotman, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(80)90245-8

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, radiolabelled polidocanol has been used to investigate the compound's absorption, distribution and excretion following oral ingestion in human male volunteers [27]. Analysis of blood, urine, feces and exhaled air collected for up to six days indicated that the majority (~75%) of the radioactivity was excreted via the urine within the first 24 hours post-treatment.…”

Section: Clinical Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polidocanol for endovenous microfoam sclerosant therapy

Eckmann¹

2009

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

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Background-Polidocanol is a liquid surfactant having endothelial cell lytic properties. In the form of a controlled, dispensed microfoam it is administered endovenously as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of varicose veins.Objective-This review summarizes efficacy of polidocanol endovenous microfoam sclerotherapy using a proprietary dispensing system to control foam characteristics and gas content for treating varicose veins. Methods-We reviewed in-vitro, Phase I, Phase II and limited Phase III data for polidocanol microfoam with a focus on controlled foam formulation in therapyResults/conclusions-Clinical trials of controlled dispensing of polidocanol microfoam provide evidence of effective treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with low toxicity, minimal risk and few complications.

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Section: Clinical Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polidocanol for endovenous microfoam sclerosant therapy

Eckmann¹

2009

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

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“…Transport is greater for nonionic surfactants, but again the amount of material capable of entering an organism by this route is so low that it can be essentially disregarded as a potential hazard [103]. By contrast, both anionic and nonionic surfactants can be readily resorbed through the gastrointestinal tract following their ingestion, whereas the intestinal resorption of cationic surfactants is low [104].…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Laundry Detergents, 4. Ecology and Toxicology

Steber

Wiebel

2011

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Ecology 1.1. Laundry, Wastewater, and the Environment 1.2. Contribution of Laundry to the Sewage Load 1.3. Detergent Laws 1.3.1. Development of the European Detergent Legislation 1.3.2. Regulatory Limitations on Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants 1.3.3. Primary Biodegradation Test Procedures 1.3.4. Regulation of Maximum Phosphate Content in Detergents 1.4. General Criteria for the Ecological Evaluation of Detergent Chemicals 1.4.1. Concept 1.4.2. Environmental Exposure Assessment 1.4.2.1. Biodegradation 1.4.2.2. Biodegradability Standard Test Methods 1.4.2.3. Supplementary Biodegradation Test Methods 1.4.2.4. Exposure Analysis 1.4.3. Assessment of Environmental Effects 1.4.3.1. Basic Ecotoxicity Tests 1.4.3.2. Subchronic and Chronic Ecotoxicity Tests 1.4.3.3. Biocenotic Ecotoxicity Tests 1.4.3.4. Bioaccumulation 1.4.4. Process of Environmental Risk Assessment 1.5. Ecological Characterization of Main Detergent Ingredients 1.5.1. Surfactants 1.5.1.1. Anionic Surfactants 1.5.1.2. Nonionic Surfactants 1.5.1.3. Cationic Surfactants 1.5.2. Builders 1.5.2.1. Zeolites 1.5.2.2. Polycarboxylates 1.5.2.3. Citrates 1.5.2.4. Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) 1.5.2.5. Nitrilotriacetate (NTA) 1.5.3. Bleaching Agents 1.5.3.1. Sodium Perborate 1.5.3.2. Sodium Percarbonate 1.5.3.3. Tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) 1.5.4. Auxiliary Agents 1.5.4.1. Phosphonates 1.5.4.2. EDTA 1.5.4.3. Enzymes 1.5.4.4. Optical Brighteners 1.5.4.5. Carboxymethyl Cellulose 1.5.4.6. Dye Transfer Inhibitors 1.5.4.7. Fragrances 1.5.4.8. Foam Regulators 1.5.4.9. Soil Repellents 1.5.4.10. Dyes 1.5.4.11. Sodium Sulfate 2. Toxicology 2.1. Detergent Ingredients 2.1.1. Surfactants 2.1.2. Builders 2.1.3. Bleach‐Active Compounds 2.1.4. Auxiliary Agents 2.2. Finished Detergents 2.3. Conclusions

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“…A drawback of our study is that it is unclear, if polidocanol reached the area of interest after penetrating the skin due to a lag of pharmakokinetic and dynamic datas regarding topically applied polidocanol. However, at least 2% of cutaneous applied polidocanol or related substances are absorbed through the human skin 15,25 . Using a 50g tube polidocanol gel (50.000 mg) with a concentration of 8% and a minimal absorption rate of 2%, theoretically at least 80 mg (50.000mg*0,08*0,02) should penetrate the skin and might reach the area of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to injection therapy where the active agent is directly applied to the area of interest the quantitative absorption of the skin needs to be considered. Concerning Polidocanol or related substances, just 2% of the topically applied amount penetrates the human skin 15,25 . Furthermore, the absorption rate of the ampiphil polidocanol through the Stratum corneum of the skin might be enhanced by allantoin, which is as an ingredient of the product (Thesit ®) used in this study and in general meliorates skin penetration.…”

Section: Polidocanol As a Causal Treatment Optionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical polidocanol application in combination with static stretching in tendinopathies: a prospective pilot study

Gatz

Schrading

Dirrichs

et al. 2017

MLTJ

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SummaryBackground: Highly operator-based injection therapy with vasosclerosing and anesthetic polidocanol is used for tendinopathies. This pilot-study evaluates the topical application of polidocanol gel. Methods: Prospective case series. 39 patients with tendinopathies (14 Achilles, 14 patella, 11 wrist extensors) with a symptom duration > 6 months were included. Polidocanol and static stretching were the therapy in the first 2 weeks, while static stretching was continuously performed for 6 months.

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The absorption, distribution, and excretion of alkylpolyethoxylates by rats and humans

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Polidocanol for endovenous microfoam sclerosant therapy

Polidocanol for endovenous microfoam sclerosant therapy

Laundry Detergents, 4. Ecology and Toxicology

Topical polidocanol application in combination with static stretching in tendinopathies: a prospective pilot study

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