The author would like to thank Nora Kroeger for her work on this project, and the LSE for financial support for this research. Thanks should also go to Sonia Livingstone for very useful comments on an earlier draft, plus two anonymous referees for constructive feedback on the original submission. Finally, the author would like to thank conference attendees who commented on this paper at the APSA General Meeting in San Francisco and the IJPP conference in Oxford, both in September 2016. Errors or omissions are entirely the responsibility of the author.
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AbstractResearch on televised election debates has been dominated by studies of the United States. As a result, we know far less about other national contexts, including the many parliamentary democracies that now hold televised election debates. This article makes two contributions to address this. Theoretically, the study argues that traditional approaches for understanding the development of campaign communication practices (particularly, Americanization and hybridization) are limiting when applied to television debates, and instead offers an alternative theoretical approach, the concept of speciation drawn from biological science. This is then applied in the empirical section of the article in a comparative analysis of the evolution of televised election debates in four parliamentary democracies: Australia, Canada, West Germany/Germany and the United Kingdom. Based on this analysis, the article argues that the logic of parliamentary democracy coupled with more diffuse party systems has created a distinctive type of televised debate, generally more open to smaller parties based on their success at winning seats in the legislature.