The absence of wasting in thymectomized germfree (axenic) mice

Wilson, Robert A.; Sjodin, Kenneth; Bealmear, M.

doi:10.1097/00007890-196505000-00026

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The occurrence of runting in newborn thymectomized animals again raised the possibility of a general trophic function of the lymphoid system (Loutit 1962). The hypothesis that runting, as a result of thymectomy, was due to loss of a trophic lymphoid function seems to have been dealt a severe blow by the observation that runting did not occur in the newborn, thymectomized, germ-free mouse (Wilson et al 1964, Mclntire et d. 1964. Runting was thus seen to be a function of bacterial action and in particular the result of the action of endotoxins.…”

Section: Part Ii: Lymphoid And/or Immune Stimulation Of Normal Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunostimulation Theory of Tumor Development

Prehn

Lappé

1971

Immunological Reviews

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Section: Part Ii: Lymphoid And/or Immune Stimulation Of Normal Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunostimulation Theory of Tumor Development

Prehn

Lappé

1971

Immunological Reviews

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“…Prior studies have indicated that neonatal thymectomy in mice regularly results in runting and ultimately wasting disease and early death. Studies with germfree animals indicate that these developments are dependent on availability of a microbial flora (48,49). It was of interest then in these experiments to determine whether the forms of immunologic deficiency produced in the Bx-X and Tx-X chickens would influence their growth.…”

Section: Body Growth Following Thymectomy Bursectomy and Irradiatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functions of the Thymus System and the Bursa System in the Chicken

Cooper

Peterson

South

et al. 1966

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

723

268

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The bursa of Fabricius and the thymus are "central lymphoid organs" in the chicken, essential to the ontogenetic development of adaptive immunity in that species. Surgical removal of one or both of these organs in the newly hatched chicken, followed by sublethal X-irradiation the next day, has permitted recognition of two morphologically distinct cell systems in the "peripheral lymphoid tissues" of the spleen, gut, and other organs, and clear definition of the separate functions of each cell system. The thymus-dependent development is represented morphologically by the small lymphocytes of the circulation and the white pulp type of development in the tissues. As in mammals, the thymus-dependent tissues of the chicken are basic to the ontogenesis of cellular immunity: graft versus host reactions, responses of delayed hypersensitivity and homograft rejection; and play a less clearly defined role in the antibody response to at least some antigens. Thymectomized-irradiated chickens are deficient in all these responses, and grow more slowly than any of the other experimental groups. In these animals germinal centers, plasma cells, and capacity for immunoglobulin synthesis remain intact. The bursa-dependent development is represented morphologically by the larger lymphocytes of the germinal centers and the plasma cells, and functionally by the immunoglobulins. Bursectomized-irradiated chickens are agammaglobulinemic and unable to produce detectable antibody despite intense, repeated stimulation with bovine serum albumin and Brucella abortus organisms. The thymus-dependent development in these animals seems to be normal; they have adequate numbers of lymphocytes in the circulation and tissues, are able to reject skin homografts, though more slowly than usual, and to exercise graft versus host reactions. The short life span of these chickens has precluded adequate study of responses of delayed hypersensitivity. There was no evidence of significant impairment of reticuloendothelial function in either the bursectomized-irradiated or the thymectomized-irradiated group, as judged by the clearance of colloidal gold and I131-tagged keyhole limpet hemocyanin.

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“…It is therefore tempting to speculate that these diseases and classical runt disease have a common pathogenesis related to hypoplastic lymphoid tissue. Recent experiments, however, have shown that neonatally thymectomized mice reared in a germfree environment do not develop growth failure or wasting whereas mice which are inoculated with allogeneic lymphoid cells in a germfree environment develop fatal runting (18,19). It therefore appears that sepsis may be more important in the pathogenesis of postthymectomy wasting than in classical runt disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Runt Disease in Tolerant Mice by the Injection of Syngeneic Lymphoid Cells

Hilgard

Martínez

Good

1965

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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When chimeric A strain mice tolerant of (A x C57BL/1)F1 hybrid skin grafts are injected with spleen cells from normal A donors the recipients develop weight loss, clinical evidence of runting, and death in some animals. Similar recipients injected with spleen cells from A strain donors immunized against C57BL/1 tissue show a more rapid onset of the runting process and increased mortality. Runting in. these experiments therefore results from an immune attack by the injected A strain lymphoid cells against the (A x C57BL/1)F1 hybrid tissue harbored by the chimeric recipients. Since the hybrid tissues of the chimeric recipients were derived from spleen cell populations we conclude that the immunologic rejection of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue is sufficient to cause the runting syndrome. C3H mice tolerant of A strain skin grafts because of the prior injection of viable or disrupted A strain spleen material were given 400 r of x-irradiation and an injection of C3H spleen cells. Only the chimeric C3H mice harboring viable A strain cells developed weight loss and clinical evidence of disease, showing again that runting occurs only when an attack can be made against viable lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue. Normal A strain mice injected intravenously with 850 million (A x C57BL/1)F1 hybrid spleen cells reject hybrid skin grafts and do not develop runting, whereas the rejection of similar hybrid tissue present in chimeric A strain mice results in runting. It is concluded that runting will occur only when the immunologic attack is directed against lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue which has become established within host tissues. The possibility that runting may result from hypersensitivity reactions occurring in the lymphoid tissues is discussed.

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The absence of wasting in thymectomized germfree (axenic) mice

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

An Immunostimulation Theory of Tumor Development

An Immunostimulation Theory of Tumor Development

The Functions of the Thymus System and the Bursa System in the Chicken

Production of Runt Disease in Tolerant Mice by the Injection of Syngeneic Lymphoid Cells

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