“…As with the physiological examination of microbial interfacial reactions, genetic responses, target microorganisms are either grown in a liquid media (nutrient broth) and incubated in cell culture tubes, flasks or culturing chambers, [198,199,208,[200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207] or grown in Petri dishes on solid nutrient media like agar. [106,107,[209][210][211][212][213] Given the sensitivity of genetic stress responses, the diversity of these culturing conditions could be a cause for concern for consistency. Based on our literature analysis, relatively small amount of published papers have examined the microbial response to metallic, semiconducting or polymeric substrates and in many cases, cells do not interact with inorganic materials at all, since external stresses may be represented by temperature, pH changes or .…”