The abscopal effect: a sense of DNA damage is in the air

Lippert, Timothy P.; Greenberg, Roger A.

doi:10.1172/jci148274

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Besides the direct impact on cancer cells, it has been proved that a series of biological events induced by DNA damage which occur in cancer cells play an important role in the immunomodulatory actions of RT. 95 , 101 – 105 On the one hand, IR not only promotes the immunogenic cell death of cancer cells which then affects the behavior of immune cells. On account of the stress response induced by IR, some intrinsic biological processes occur in the dying cancer cells including the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).…”

Section: Rationale Of Irtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment

Zhang

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

231

141

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Radiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view of RT as a simple local treatment has dramatically changed in recent years, and it is now widely accepted that RT can provoke a systemic immune response which gives a strong rationale for the combination of RT and immunotherapy (iRT). Nevertheless, several points remain to be addressed such as the interaction of RT and immune system, the identification of the best schedules for combination with immunotherapy (IO), the expansion of abscopal effect and the mechanism to amplify iRT. To answer these crucial questions, we roundly summarize underlying rationale showing the whole immune landscape in RT and clinical trials to attempt to identify the best schedules of iRT. In consideration of the rarity of abscopal effect, we propose that the occurrence of abscopal effect induced by radiation can be promoted to 100% in view of molecular and genetic level. Furthermore, the “radscopal effect” which refers to using low-dose radiation to reprogram the tumor microenvironment may amplify the occurrence of abscopal effect and overcome the resistance of iRT. Taken together, RT could be regarded as a trigger of systemic antitumor immune response, and with the help of IO can be used as a radical and systemic treatment and be added into current standard regimen of patients with metastatic cancer.

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Section: Rationale Of Irtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment

Zhang

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

231

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(1) direct breakage of DNA by high-energy secondary electrons and (2) the generation of free radicals [64,65]. RT-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal type of DNA damage.…”

Section: Pre-clinical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abscopal Effect: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Advances

Janopaul‐Naylor

Shen

Qian

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Radiotherapy has been used for more than a hundred years to cure or locally control tumors. Regression of tumors outside of the irradiated field was occasionally observed and is known as the abscopal effect. However, the occurrence of systemic anti-tumor effects was deemed too rare and unpredictable to be a therapeutic goal. Recent studies suggest that immunotherapy and radiation in combination may enhance the abscopal response. Increasing numbers of cases are being reported since the routine implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors, showing that combined radiotherapy with immunotherapy has a synergistic effect on both local and distant (i.e., unirradiated) tumors. In this review, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical reports, with a specific focus on the mechanisms behind the immunostimulatory effects of radiation and how this is enhanced by immunotherapy.

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“…The abscopal effect is one of an antitumor immune response (7)(8)(9). Recent studies suggest that immunotherapy and radiation in combination may enhance the abscopal effect (7)(8)(9). SEP of the thyroid is often associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscopal effect in a patient with solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid: case report

Aoyama¹,

Shono²,

Inui³

et al. 2022

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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Background: The abscopal effect is a systemic antitumor response that occurs distant to the irradiation site and is induced by local irradiation. We herein describe a case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) of the thyroid in which bone metastases disappeared after thyroidectomy and cervical radiotherapy (RT).Case Description: A 68-year-old man with a right cervical swelling for approximately 10 years visited a hospital with left elbow pain that persisted for 5 months. He was referred to our hospital for more detailed examinations and treatment. An immobile mass of approximately 10 cm in diameter was palpable on the right side of the patient's neck. Computed tomography (CT) showed osteolytic changes in the left humerus and right scapula, and a tumor in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The patient was diagnosed with widely invasive follicular carcinoma and multiple bone metastases and underwent total thyroidectomy.During surgery, tumor infiltration into the trachea was observed. Shaving between the tumor and trachea was performed. Based on the results of a pathological examination, the patient was diagnosed with primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid. After surgery, external beam RT was performed on the neck, which also reduced the pain in the left elbow. Positron emission tomography (PET)-CT showed the decreased accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the left humerus and right scapula, and the amelioration of osteolytic changes on CT.Conclusions: SEP of the thyroid is rare, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in which the abscopal effect was observed after thyroidectomy and cervical RT.

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The abscopal effect: a sense of DNA damage is in the air

Cited by 24 publications

References 174 publications

Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment

Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment

The Abscopal Effect: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Advances

Abscopal effect in a patient with solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid: case report

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