The abolition of the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) by amphetamine: Disruption of control by nonreinforcement

Weiner, Ina; Feldon, Joram; Bercovitz, H.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(87)90558-2

Cited by 56 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These results with schizophrenics are confirmed from studies with normal volunteers given oral amphetamine (N. S. Gray, personal communication). Two doses (5 and 10 mg) were used to determine whether the inverse doserelated effect of amphetamine on latent inhibition in the rat (Weiner et al 1987b; see above) might hold also in man. The results bore out this expectation: the low dose, but not the high one, abolished the latent inhibition in placebo-treated controls; again, this effect resulted from improved speed of learning in the pre-exposed condition.…”

Section: Communication)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuropsychology of schizophrenia

Gray¹,

et al. 1991

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A model is proposed for integrating the neural and cognitive aspects of the positive symptoms of acute schizophrenia, using evidence from postmortem neuropathology and neurochemistry, clinical and preclinical studies of dopaminergic neurotransmission, anatomical connections between the limbic system and basal ganglia, attentional and other cognitive abnormalities underlying the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, specific animal models of some of these abnormalities, and previous attempts to model the cognitive functions of the septohippocampal system and the motor functions of the basal ganglia. Anatomically, the model emphasises the projections from the septohippocampal system, via the subiculum, and the amygdala to nucleus accumbens, and their interaction with the ascending dopaminergic projection to the accumbens. Psychologically, the model emphasises a failure in acute schizophrenia to integrate stored memories of past regularities of perceptual input with ongoing motor programs in the control of current perception. A number of recent experiments that offer support for the model are briefly described, including anatomical studies of limbic-striatal connections, studies in the rat of the effects of damage to these connections, and of the effects of amphetamine and neuroleptics, on the partial reinforcement extinction effect, latent inhibition and the Kamin blocking effect; and studies of the latter two phenomena in acute and chronic schizophrenics.

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Section: Communication)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuropsychology of schizophrenia

Gray¹,

et al. 1991

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“…First, it is of interest to compare the effects of haloperidol administration in acquisition on PREE with those of amphetamine: haloperidol attenuates PREE primarily by increasing resistance to extinction in CRF animals, whereas amphetamine disrupts PREE by decreasing resistance to extinction in PRF animals, without affecting CRF animals (Weiner et al 1985(Weiner et al , 1987. Second, the present results provide an additional demonstration of the utility of the PREE paradigm as a highly sensitive tool for assessing behavioral actions of drugs, particularly when the drug-no drug design is employed.…”

Section: Blocks Of 3 Extinction Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the present results provide an additional demonstration of the utility of the PREE paradigm as a highly sensitive tool for assessing behavioral actions of drugs, particularly when the drug-no drug design is employed. This approach has yielded entirely different profdes of drug action for anti-anxiety drugs (Feldon and Gray 1981), clonidine (Halevy et al 1986) amphetamine (Weiner et al 1985(Weiner et al , 1987 and now, haloperidol.…”

Section: Blocks Of 3 Extinction Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of haloperidol on the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE): implications for neuroleptic drug action on reinforcement and nonreinforcement

1988

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The effects of haloperidol 0.1 mg/kg on the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) paradigm at one trial a day, were examined. Two groups of rats were trained to run in a straight alley. The continuously reinforced (CRF) group received food reward on every trial. The partially reinforced (PRF) group was rewarded on a quasi-random 50% schedule. All animals were then tested in extinction. Haloperidol 0.1 mg/kg was administered in a 2 x 2 design, i.e., drug-no drug in acquisition and drug-no drug in extinction. The PREE, i.e., increased resistance to extinction of partially reinforced as compared to continuously reinforced animals, was obtained in all four drug conditions. The administration of haloperidol in acquisition increased markedly resistance to extinction in CRF animals. The administration of the drug in extinction decreased resistance to extinction in both CRF and PRF animals. The results are explained in terms of two independent actions of haloperidol: the well-known effect of reduction in the effectiveness of reinforcement as well as enhancement of the effectiveness of nonreinforcement.

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“…Indirect evidence suggests that drug treatment during acquisition may be the operative element. Using a higher dose (1.5 mg/kg) in adult rats, and using a one-trial-a-day procedure, Weiner et al (1985Weiner et al ( , 1987 found that amphetamine impairs the PREE in normal animals when given during acquisition, but not extinction. Further studies in which amphetamine is administered either only in acquisition or in extinction are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amphetamine diminished the PREE in rats that were trained with a one-trial-per-day procedure, but not in rats trained with a multitrial-per-day procedure Weiner, 1989, 1992). In the one-trial-per-day procedure, amphetamine eliminated the PREE if given during acquisition, or acquisition and extinction, but not in extinction alone (Weiner et al, 1985), and eliminated the PREE if administered during the nonreward trial days, but had no effect if given during the reward trial days (Weiner et al, 1987). Hence, in normal animals, amphetamine should have no effect or a detrimental effect on the expression of the PREE.…”

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confidence: 97%

Reversal of a Postnatal Alcohol‐Induced Deficit in Learned Persistence in the Rat by d‐Amphetamine

Highfield

Lilliquist

Amsel

1999

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Periodic (high peak) exposure to alcohol during early infancy in the rat has been shown to disrupt the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE), a measure of persistence learning, when rats were tested at weaning age. The current study examined the effects of d-amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) on the PREE after early postnatal exposure to alcohol (4.5 mg/kg) delivered in a milk-based diet or an isocaloric control diet via oral intubation once a day on postnatal days 4 to 9. On postnatal days 20 and 21, rats were trained on either a continuously reinforced or partially reinforced schedule of food reward, followed by extinction. Rats were randomly assigned to eight conditions, depending on diet, drug, and reward schedule. The results were (1) a replication of the finding that periodic (high peak) exposure to alcohol diminishes the PREE, and (2) that amphetamine restores the PREE to normal levels in alcohol-treated animals, and may reduce the PREE in control subjects. The possible role of noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems in situations of extinction and nonreward are discussed.

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The abolition of the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) by amphetamine: Disruption of control by nonreinforcement

Cited by 56 publications

References 28 publications

The neuropsychology of schizophrenia

The neuropsychology of schizophrenia

The effects of haloperidol on the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE): implications for neuroleptic drug action on reinforcement and nonreinforcement

Reversal of a Postnatal Alcohol‐Induced Deficit in Learned Persistence in the Rat by d‐Amphetamine

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