The abolition of agricultural taxes and the transformation of clientelism in the countryside of post-Mao China

Liu, Jingping

doi:10.1080/03066150.2021.1873290

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Entrepreneurial motivation is the driving force generated by entrepreneurs in the process of entrepreneurial activities [5], which can guide the behavior of entrepreneurs towards set goals [6], thus having a positive impact on improving entrepreneurial performance. Entrepreneurial motivation is divided into survival entrepreneurial motivation and opportunity entrepreneurial motivation, of which survival entrepreneurial motivation refers to entrepreneurial activities farmers are forced to engage in due to poverty and lack of other employment options, whereas opportunity entrepreneurial motivation involves capturing business opportunities and taking the initiative to carry out entrepreneurial activities [7]. Research has shown that different entrepreneurial motivations will lead to different entrepreneurial behavior processes and results [8], and the entrepreneurial process model explains this theoretically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Farmers’ Entrepreneurial Motivation to Performance—The Chain Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Learning and Entrepreneurial Ability

Yang

Yue

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Farmers’ entrepreneurship is an important measure to achieve the stable development of rural areas. However, the performance of farmers’ entrepreneurship is generally low. How to improve the performance to promote farmers’ sustainable entrepreneurship has become the primary problem. Therefore, based on the entrepreneurial process theory, this paper takes entrepreneurial farmers who participated in the cultivation of new vocational farmers in Sichuan Province from 2018 to 2021 as the research object, collects 329 valid sample data through questionnaires, and empirically tests the impact of farmers’ dual entrepreneurial motivation on entrepreneurial performance, as well as the chain intermediary role of entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial ability. The results show that: survival entrepreneurial motivation and opportunity entrepreneurial motivation both have significant positive impacts on entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurial ability, and entrepreneurial performance; entrepreneurial learning plays a complete intermediary role between dual entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial performance, entrepreneurial ability plays a complete intermediary role between dual entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial performance, and entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial ability play a complete chain intermediary role between dual entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial performance. The research expands a new perspective on the path and mechanism of entrepreneurial motivation on entrepreneurial performance, and proposes measures to stimulate farmers’ entrepreneurial motivation, improve the entrepreneurial training system, and build a learning and exchange platform, which are of great practical significance to improve farmers’ entrepreneurial performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Farmers’ Entrepreneurial Motivation to Performance—The Chain Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Learning and Entrepreneurial Ability

Yang

Yue

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Elite Capture and Corruption: The Influence of Elite Collusion on Village Elections and Rural Land Development in China

Ruan

Wang²

2022

The China Quarterly

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This article presents a qualitative empirical study of elite collusion and its influence on village elections and rural land development in China. Drawing on ethnographic data collected from two Chinese villages, it investigates how village cadres collude with other rural elites, using bribery, gift-giving and lavish banquets, to establish reciprocal ties with township officials and other public officials. Meanwhile, the officials make use of formal organizations to corruptly obtain profits and form alliances with village elites. The article examines how rural elites, especially village cadres, use this collusion to profit from the misuse of villagers’ collectively owned assets, the manipulation of village elections and the suppression of anti-corruption protests. It also offers new descriptive evidence of how recent reforms designed to strengthen the Party's overall leadership in rural governance may have actually facilitated elite capture and grassroots corruption.

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Manipulation without Resistance: Consensus Elections in Rural China

Liu

2023

The China Quarterly

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The Chinese Communist Party has been increasing its control over village elections since the early 2010s, yet this move has not triggered any widespread popular resistance. Drawing on ethnographic evidence from village elections held in 2017 in a county in Hunan province, I conceptualize a form of electoral manipulation I term “consensus elections,” in which the Party engineers a pre-electoral consensus with ordinary villagers on whom to select while deterring challenges from village elites. Consensus elections are rooted in the Chinese political elites’ ideal that favours electoral participation over competition. While participation increases regime legitimacy, competition threatens regime authority. Propaganda promoting this electoral ideal shapes the views of ordinary villagers, laying a basis of legitimacy on consensus elections. The villagers embraced voting as being oriented by a unitary common interest and developed a cynicism whereby campaigning was equated with corruption. Comparison of the processes involved in engineering consensus elections in five villages suggests popular support for such elections. Whereas popular resistance was mounted against the lack of participation, popular complicity helps the Party to deter challenges from village elites. Consensus elections have facilitated the fall of Chinese village elections without undermining the Party's legitimacy, but consensus elections will also encourage more political challenges from village elites through non-institutionalized channels.

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The abolition of agricultural taxes and the transformation of clientelism in the countryside of post-Mao China

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

From Farmers’ Entrepreneurial Motivation to Performance—The Chain Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Learning and Entrepreneurial Ability

From Farmers’ Entrepreneurial Motivation to Performance—The Chain Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Learning and Entrepreneurial Ability

Elite Capture and Corruption: The Influence of Elite Collusion on Village Elections and Rural Land Development in China

Manipulation without Resistance: Consensus Elections in Rural China

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