The ability of Silybum marianum to phytoremediate cadmium and/or diesel oil from the soil

Abstract

Phytoremediation is a new ecological and cost-effective technology applied for cleaning heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated (TPH-contaminated) soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) to phytoremediate cadmium (Cd (II)) from contaminated soils. To this end, the investigators applied a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement and four replications. The results indicated that all the evaluated parameters of S. Marianum, including shoot and root fresh and dry weight, as well as shoot and root Cd, were significantly influenced by Cd (II) concentration and diesel oil (DO). The Cd-contaminated soil showed minor declining effects on the produced plant biomass, whereas the DO-contaminated soil had more inhibitory effects. Moreover, the soil contaminated with both Cd and DO led to adverse effects on the plant biomass. The shoot and root Cd concentration had an increasing trend in the presence of DO as the bioconcentration factor (BCF) by 1.740 (+90.78%), 1.410 (+36.89%), 2.050 (+31.41%), 1.68 (+32.28%), and 1.371 (+22.41%) compared to the soil without DO at Cd (II) concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Biological accumulation coefficient also showed the same trend as the BCF. In all the treatments, the translocation factor was >1. Therefore, it was demonstrated that milk thistle had high potential for transferring Cd from root to shoot and reducing its concentration in the soil. Moreover, the study revealed that milk thistle had high potential for absorbing Cd in the soil contaminated with Cd and DO.

Molecular Identification of Endophytic Bacteria from Silybum marianum and Their Effect on Brassica napus Growth under Heavy Metal Stress

“…In this research work, a total of eleven endophytes were isolated from the roots, shoots, and leaves of Silybum marianum, a plant of the Asteraceae Family. However, there have been a few previous studies that have screened endophytes from S. marianum and other Asteraceous plants [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Out of eleven, four endophytes were found in leaves, four were from shoots, and three from roots.…”

“…Plant growth in metal-polluted areas could be due to the characteristic heavy metal hyper accumulating property of the plant [27]. Previously, fungal endophytes of S. marianum had been isolated and their function as bio-accumulators of heavy metals and their role in the growth of plants have been confirmed [27][28][29]. However, bacterial endophytes of S. marianum have yet to be completely investigated.…”

Typha Latifolia L. Grown in Carrying Petroleum Secondary Effluent Supply Nutrients Enhance for Biomass Growth and Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals and TPH

“…However, the bioaccumulation of TPH and HMs by the root of T. latifolia L. was higher due to ECR more than 3.0 except for Mn (Table 3). Enrichment coe cients are a very important factor, which indicate phytoremediation of a given species (Ahmad et al 2011;Kumari and Tripathi, 2015;Hammami et al 2018;Ali et al 2018). (Table 3).…”

“…Typha latifolia L. and certain species like parthenium, rye grass, brassica have been identi ed to have potential to sequester of heavy metals in maximum amounts and feasibility of phytosequesteration of heavy metals from soil (Ahmad et al 2019;Ahmad and Ahmad, 2014;Hammami et al 2018). Typha latifolia L. plant have shown characteristics to faster growth of biomass with the sources available metals like Fe, Ca, P and nutrients from e uents, an under unfavorable condition to propagate growth rates compared to other hyperaccumulator plant for heavy metals (Banerjee et al 2019;Afzal et al, 2019).…”

Phytoremediation potential of plants growing spontaneously on abandoned coal mine wastes

“…Therefore, C. album and S. marianum can be regarded as the phytoaccumulator and suitable options for remediation of Cd rich soil. In this regard,Bhargava et al (2007) andHammami et al (2018) proposed that C. album and S. marianum could clean up Cd from the soil and may be applied for phytoremediation.…”