The Ability of a Nanofiltration Membrane to Remove Hardness and Ions from Diluted Seawater

Izadpanah, Amir Abbas; Javidnia, Asghar

doi:10.3390/w4020283

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As expected, the rejection rate for DOC was >97% (from 116 to 2.3 mg/L, on average) (Table ), consistent with other studies using NF membranes with molecular weight cut‐off between 150 and 300 Da . As expected, divalent and multivalent ions were preferentially rejected by the membrane (over 95%) while the rejection of monovalent ions was a function of TMP . Figure clearly indicates that rejection increases as a function of applied pressure for monovalent anions, consistently with previous studies .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Critical assessment of the nanofiltration for reusing brackish effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

Cabrera

Ruigómez

Gómez

et al. 2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this study, a saline effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor was treated by nanofiltration in order to allow its agricultural reuse. Short-term tests were conducted to investigate membrane fouling and selective rejection of ions and emerging organic contaminants (EOCs). The study has been conducted with a negatively charged commercial thin-film composite membrane (DK, GE Osmonics). The effect of operating pressure (5-20 bar) and cross-flow velocity (0.12-0.37 m/s) on membrane performance have been researched. Dimensional analysis of steady permeate flux indicated that the gel layer or the polarization layer can be completely removed at critical cross-flow velocity. At a subcritical velocity, membrane autopsies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy revealed a complex mixture of organic matter, phosphates and colloidal silica over the membranes surface. Since the rejection of monovalent cations (76-88%) was lower than that of multivalent cations (above 96%), the treated effluent was characterized by a very high levels of sodium adsorption ratio and ammonium. In addition, moderate rejection of low molecular weight EOCs (clofibric acid and caffeine) was observed. Therefore, the treated effluent did not achieve enough quality to be reused for agricultural irrigation. V C 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 383-390, 2018 During the last decade, interest in the application of nanofiltration in wastewater treatment has grown in response to stringent water quality standards and increasing concern about the presence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs). Nevertheless, information remains scarce about membrane fouling and EOCs rejection. The current research addresses these issues during its application to a brackish effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor to be reused for agricultural irrigation. Dimensional analysis has allowed establishing the optimum operation conditions in terms fouling control. As regard of EOCs rejection, low molecular weight compounds were not completely retained by the membrane.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Critical assessment of the nanofiltration for reusing brackish effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

Cabrera

Ruigómez

Gómez

et al. 2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…Zaistniała zatem potrzeba pogłębionego oczyszczania ścieków, które pozwoli w przyszłości wyeliminować te substancje z odpływów z komunalnych oczyszczalni i tym samym ochronić wody powierzchniowe. Jednym z proponowanych rozwiązań jest zastosowanie ciśnieniowych technik membranowych [4][5][6][7][8]. W zależności od rodzaju procesu membranowego możliwe jest usuniecie m.in.…”

Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified

Impact of feed recovery on efficiency and rate of polishing of wastewater during nanofiltration

Bohdziewicz¹,

Kamińska²,

Kudlek³

2013

JCEEA

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W problematyce oczyszczania ścieków coraz częściej zwraca się uwagę na zagrożenie zanieczyszczania wód powierzchniowych przez oczyszczone biologicznie ścieki odprowadzane do środowiska. Pomimo bardzo wysokiego stopnia obniże-nia wskaźników zanieczyszczeń w procesie mechaniczno-biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków, odpływy z oczyszczalni zawierają toksyczne mikrozanieczyszczenia, których rodzaj i stężenie nie jest dotychczas w żaden sposób kontrolowane. Należą do nich między innymi związki o estrogenicznej aktywności biologicznej (ang. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals), których już śladowe ilości zakłó-cają funkcjonowanie układu hormonalnego człowieka. Dlatego też przedmiotem uwagi staje się pogłębione oczyszczanie ścieków, które pozwala wyeliminować problem migracji mikrozanieczyszczeń do środowiska. Jednym z proponowanych rozwiązań jest zastosowanie procesu nanofiltracji, umożliwiającego zatrzymanie niskocząsteczkowych związków organicznych. Zasadniczym problemem w trakcie realizacji technik membranowych jest zjawisko foulingu, które zakłóca przebieg procesu. Z jednej strony powlekanie powierzchni membrany warstwą zanieczyszczeń skutkuje wzrostem ich retencji, jednak z drugiej powoduje znaczne obniżenie wydajności procesu. W prezentowanej pracy badano wpływ czasu prowadzenia nanofiltracji na efektywność doczyszczania ścieków komunalnych i wydajność procesu. Stopień doczyszczania ścieków oceniano w oparciu o obniżenie stężenia bisfenolu A oraz wartości podstawowych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń charakteryzujących ścieki oczyszczone. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że stopień obniżenia wartości organicznych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń wzrastał wraz ze wzrostem stopnia odzysku permeatu. Zaobserwowano również 27% obniżenie końcowej wydajności procesu w stosunku do początkowej.

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“…It should be emphasized that NF permeate is almost deprived of hardness elements, other divalent pollutants, soluble organics and manifests lower osmotic pressure. Consequently, the downstream of desalting facility (thermal or reverse osmosis [RO] membrane) will not be subjected to scaling problems, flux decline and would manifest energy utilization [11][12][13][14]. The NF brine could be subjected to chemical treatment to eliminate significant fraction of calcium salts and leaving most of magnesium salts to be recovered in the subsequent cost-effective processes [5,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary techno-economics assessment of developed desalination/salt recovery facility based on membrane and thermal techniques

Sorour

Hani

Shaalan

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Successful management of desalination plants should incorporate integrated processing of seawater feed and brines. An integrated 20,000 m 3 /d zero desalination discharge (ZDD) facility, merging desalination and salt recovery, has been developed incorporating both membrane and thermal processes. Chemically pretreated seawater has been directed to nanofiltration (NF) separator for almost complete removal of divalent salts. NF brine loaded with magnesium has received further concentration by multiple effect evaporator and the reject obtained from reverse osmosis (RO) processing of NF permeate has been further directed to state-of-the-art ion selective electrodialysis (ED) to enable downstream production of magnesium and sodium salts. The material balance of the developed integrated desalination/salt recovery ZDD facility enabled total water recovery of about 70%. The average product salinity after mixing approached 74 mg/l. The total amount of recovered raw magnesium, calcium and sodium chloride salts were 215, 47 and 754 ton/year, respectively. The financial indicators revealed that the total capital and annual operating and maintenance costs (O&M) as well as unit cost were 99.5 M$, 13 M$/year and 2.48 $/m 3 , respectively. The total annual revenues of water and chemicals approached 27.5 M$/year. Thus, the initial net profit was about 11.1 M$/year. About 0.98 $/m 3 could be realized via selling of recovered salts. These results confirm the promising features of the developed desalination/salt recovery ZDD facility. It is worth mentioning that with different possible financial risk factors, such as market fluctuations and taxes, the net profit would decrease to approach 7.7 M$/year and 3.1 M$/year, respectively.

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The Ability of a Nanofiltration Membrane to Remove Hardness and Ions from Diluted Seawater

Cited by 56 publications

References 10 publications

Critical assessment of the nanofiltration for reusing brackish effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

Critical assessment of the nanofiltration for reusing brackish effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

Impact of feed recovery on efficiency and rate of polishing of wastewater during nanofiltration

Preliminary techno-economics assessment of developed desalination/salt recovery facility based on membrane and thermal techniques

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