The Abell 85 Bcg: A Nucleated, Coreless Galaxy

Madrid, Juan P.; Donzelli, C. J.

doi:10.3847/0004-637x/819/1/50

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This is important because the original investigation led to (a) the claim of a massive depleted core and in turn (b) the possible presence of a truly massive 10 11 M ⊙ black hole. Remarkably, our results were later independently confirmed by the study of Madrid & Donzelli (2016), who also described Holm 15A as "core-less".…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The Quest for the Largest Depleted Galaxy Core: Supermassive Black Hole Binaries and Stalled Infalling Satellites

Bonfini

Graham

2016

ApJ

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Partially-depleted cores are practically ubiquitous in luminous early-type galaxies (M B −20.5 mag), and typically smaller than 1 kpc. In one popular scenario, supermassive black hole binaries -established during dry (i.e. gas-poor) galaxy mergers -kick out the stars from a galaxy's central region via three-body interactions. Here, this "binary black hole scouring scenario" is probed at its extremes by investigating the two galaxies reported to have the largest partially-depleted cores found to date: 2MASX J09194427+5622012 and 2MASX J17222717+3207571 (the brightest galaxy in Abell 2261). We have fit these galaxy's two-dimensional light distribution using the core-Sérsic model, and found that the former galaxy has a core-Sérsic break radius R b,cS = 0.55 kpc, three times smaller than the published value. We use this galaxy to caution that other reportedly large break radii may too have been over-estimated if they were derived using the "sharp-transition" (inner core)-to-(outer Sérsic) model. In the case of 2MASX J17222717+3207571, we obtain R b,cS = 3.6 kpc. While we confirm that this is the biggest known partially-depleted core of any galaxy, we stress that it is larger than expected from the evolution of supermassive black hole binaries -unless one invokes substantial gravitational-wave-induced (black hole)-recoil events. Given the presence of multiple nuclei located (in projection) within the core radius of this galaxy, we explored and found support for the alternative "stalled infalling perturber" core-formation scenario, in which this galaxy's core could have been excavated by the action of an infalling massive perturber.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The Quest for the Largest Depleted Galaxy Core: Supermassive Black Hole Binaries and Stalled Infalling Satellites

Bonfini

Graham

2016

ApJ

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“…These last years two component models have been widely used to model cluster cD galaxies. For example Gonzalez et al (2005) used two de Vaucouleurs laws, Seigar et al (2007) and Donzelli et al (2011) considered the sum of a Sérsic and an exponential law, while Madrid & Donzelli (2016) applied two Sérsic laws.…”

Section: Modelling With Two Sérsic Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link between brightest cluster galaxy properties and large scale extensions of 38 DAFT/FADA and CLASH clusters in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.9

Durret

Tarricq

Márquez

et al. 2019

A&A

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Context. In the context of large-scale structure formation, clusters of galaxies are located at the nodes of the cosmic web, and continue to accrete galaxies and groups along filaments. In some cases, they show a very large extension and a preferential direction. Brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are believed to grow through the accretion of many small galaxies, and their structural properties are therefore expected to vary with redshift. In some cases BCGs show an orientation comparable to that of the cluster to which they belong. Aims. We analyse the morphological properties of 38 BCGs from the DAFT/FADA and CLASH surveys, and compare the position angles of their major axes to the direction of the cluster elongation at large scale (several Mpc). Methods. The morphological properties of the BCGs were studied by applying the GALFIT software to HST images and fitting the light distribution with one or two Sérsic laws, or with a Nuker plus a Sérsic law. The cluster elongations at very large scale were estimated by computing density maps of red sequence galaxies. Results. The morphological analysis of the 38 BCGs shows that in 11 cases a single Sérsic law is sufficient to account for the surface brightness, while for all the other clusters two Sérsic laws are necessary. In five cases, a Nuker plus a Sérsic law give a better fit. For the outer Sérsic component, the effective radius increases with decreasing redshift, and the effective surface brightness decreases with effective radius, following the Kormendy law. An agreement between the major axis of the BCG and the cluster elongation at large scale within ±30 deg is found for 12 clusters out of the 21 for which the PAs of the BCG and of the large-scale structure can be defined. Conclusions. The variation with redshift of the effective radius of the outer Sérsic component agrees with the growing of BCGs by accretion of smaller galaxies from z = 0.9 to 0.2, and it would be interesting to investigate this variation at higher redshift. The directions of the elongations of BCGs and of their host clusters and large scale structures surrounding them agree for 12 objects out of 21, implying that a larger sample is necessary to reach more definite conclusions.

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“…For example, López-Cruz et al (2014) claimed that the BCG Holm 15A has the largest core size measured in any galaxy to date (r γ ′ =1/2 ∼ 4.6 kpc) based on their Nuker model analysis. In contrast, Bonfini et al (2015); Madrid & Donzelli (2016) did not identify a central stellar deficit relative to the spheroid's outer Sérsic profile in their modeling of the galaxy's CFHT and Gemini data, respectively, while Mehrgan et al (2019) fit the 2D core-Sérsic+Sérsic+GaussianRing3D model to their Wendelstein image of the galaxy and reported a core size R b ∼ 2.8 kpc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Most Massive Galaxies with Large Depleted Cores: Structural Parameter Relations and Black Hole Masses

Dullo

2019

ApJ

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Luminous spheroids (M V −21.50 ± 0.75 mag) contain partially depleted cores with sizes (R b ) typically 0.02 -0.5 kpc. However, galaxies with R b > 0.5 kpc are rare and poorly understood. Here we perform detailed decompositions of the composite surface brightness profiles, extracted from archival Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based images, of 12 extremely luminous "large-core" galaxies that have R b > 0.5 kpc and M V −23.50 ± 0.10 mag, fitting a core-Sérsic model to the galaxy spheroids. Using 28 "normal-core" (i.e., R b < 0.5 kpc) galaxies and 1 "large-core" (i.e., R b > 0.5 kpc) galaxy from the literature, we constructed a final sample of 41 core-Sérsic galaxies. We find that large-core spheroids (with stellar masses M * 10 12 M ⊙ ) are not simple high-mass extensions of the less luminous normal-core spheroids having M * ∼ 8 × 10 10 − 10 12 M ⊙ . While the two types follow the same strong relations between the spheroid luminosity L, and the spheroid half-light radius R e (R e ∝ L 1.08±0.09 V , for ellipticals plus BCGs), we discover a break in the core-Sérsic σ − L V relation occurring at M V ∼ −23.50 ± 0.10 mag. Furthermore, we find a strong log-linear R b − M BH relation for the 11 galaxies in the sample with directly determined SMBH masses M BH -3/11 galaxies are large-core galaxies-such that R b ∝ M 0.83±0.10 BH . However, for the large-core galaxies the SMBH masses estimated from the M BH − σ and core-Sérsic M BH − L relations are undermassive, by up to a factor of 40, relative to expectations from their large R b values, confirming earlier results. Our findings suggest that large-core galaxies harbour overmassive SMBHs (M BH 10 10 M ⊙ ), considerably (∼ 3.7 − 15.6σ and ∼ 0.6 − 1.7σ) larger than expectations from the spheroid σ and L, respectively. We suggest that the R b − M BH relation can be used to estimate SMBH masses in the most massive galaxies.

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The Abell 85 Bcg: A Nucleated, Coreless Galaxy

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

The Quest for the Largest Depleted Galaxy Core: Supermassive Black Hole Binaries and Stalled Infalling Satellites

The Quest for the Largest Depleted Galaxy Core: Supermassive Black Hole Binaries and Stalled Infalling Satellites

Link between brightest cluster galaxy properties and large scale extensions of 38 DAFT/FADA and CLASH clusters in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.9

The Most Massive Galaxies with Large Depleted Cores: Structural Parameter Relations and Black Hole Masses

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