2010
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.10.005
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The ABC of clinical and experimental adjuvants—A brief overview

Abstract: Adjuvants are compounds that can increase and/or modulate the intrinsic immunogenicity of an antigen and elicit strong and long lasting immune responses. During the last 80 years many adjuvants have been used in experimental settings, but due to various shortcomings of most of them only aluminum compounds made it into regular clinical usage. However, during the last years promising candidates have arisen that may finally adjunct or displace aluminum substances as main adjuvant. This review summarizes informati… Show more

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Cited by 123 publications
(100 citation statements)
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“…The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) has approved only 5. [7][8][9][10][11][12] The tradeoff between efficacy and safety is evident in recent global experiences with influenza vaccines. Comparisons of adjuvanted to unadjuvanted vaccines in different populations consistently show that rates of seroconversion with adjuvanted vaccines is higher than with unadjuvanted vaccines, but that rates of injection site reactogenicity are also higher with the former.…”
Section: Potential Role Of Lasers As Vaccine Adjuvantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) has approved only 5. [7][8][9][10][11][12] The tradeoff between efficacy and safety is evident in recent global experiences with influenza vaccines. Comparisons of adjuvanted to unadjuvanted vaccines in different populations consistently show that rates of seroconversion with adjuvanted vaccines is higher than with unadjuvanted vaccines, but that rates of injection site reactogenicity are also higher with the former.…”
Section: Potential Role Of Lasers As Vaccine Adjuvantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[63][64][65][66] In 1978, the copper vapor laser was clinically introduced in Russia. Unlike the continuous laser light emitted by helium-neon lasers, copper vapor (CV) lasers release very short duration pulses (10-25 ns) at very high repetition rates (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). CV laser light is emitted at 2 wavelengths-about 510 and 580 nm-representing the yellow-green part of the visible light spectrum.…”
Section: History Of Laser Vaccine Adjuvantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…13 Since encapsulated DNA or proteins are protected, this leads to increased stability, targeted delivery, controlled release of molecules and enhanced host immune response. 4,14 In keeping with this, we developed a unique nanomaterial, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)+chitosan nanospheres (PCNSs), comprised of pHEMA nanospheres surrounded by a chitosan cationic shells, and this was used for encapsulation of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-F gene construct (a model for DNA vaccine). We tested the application of PCNSs as a promising nanomaterial for improving the delivery of a DNA vaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Клінічні випробування проходять сполуки монофосфорилліпіду А, Mf-59 (олійно-водна емульсія, що містить сквален), віросоми [10].…”
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