The 9-Hole Peg Test of Upper Extremity Function

Earhart, Gammon M.; Cavanaugh, James T.; Ellis, Terry; Ford, Matt P.; Foreman, K. Bo; Dibble, Lee

doi:10.1097/npt.0b013e318235da08

Cited by 140 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition to rehabilitation activities, daily activities such as buttoning a shirt and peeling fruit aid in recovery. Stabilizing the muscles around the joint and improving handeye coordination are also very important for accurate motion (4,9). The results of this study showed that although stroke affects the upper limbs, effective use of the affected limb can be restored through rehabilitation and daily activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Comparison of Fine Motor Skills in Patients With Chronic Stroke in Final Stages of Bronestrum and Healthy Adults

Mirshoja

Pahlevanian

Khalili

2015

Middle East J Rehabil Health

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Background: One of the main problems of chronic stroke patients is the inability to move the fingers separately despite the passing of an extended period of time since the onset of the disease. Dexterity is a fine motor skill that allows one to manipulate objects through voluntary movement. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the fine motor skills of patients with chronic stroke to those of healthy controls. Patients and Methods: This analytic and descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out randomly on 50 patients with chronic stroke with a mean age of 57.8 years suffering for 46 -72 months and on 50 healthy people with a mean age of 51.16 years. Patients did not receive any intervention before or after one week of assessment. The function of both hands of each patient was measured with the nineholepegtest (NHPT) and the box and block test (BBT). Results:The results showed that the mean variation of speed in the BBT test (standard deviation [SD]) in the left hands of the patients (recessive limb) was 57.8 (12.75), greater than in their right hand (dominant limb) (54.76 [8.67]). The rate of speed in healthy people's right hands was 68.58 (8.31), greater than in their left hands (63.5 [8.54]). In addition, the results of the NHPT showed that the stroke patients needed more time to manipulate the objects than the healthy ones. For the NHPT, the mean (SD) of the right hand (dominant limb) patients (4.89) and healthy controls 36.7 (14.5) 21.98, mean (SD) of the left hand (dominant limb) patients (4.45) and 30.4 in healthy subjects (4.09) 24.18 respectively. Independent T-test showed P < 0.05 in all the results obtained, respectively. Conclusions:The results showed that the dexterity fingers of patients suffering from stroke at the final stages of Bronestrum is much closer to the dexterity of healthy controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…As soon as the last bead was put in place, the participant removed them one by one. The reaction time (from picking up the first bead to placing the last one) was recorded by the therapist (9). The testretest reliability of the test was obtained (0.83 -0.99) in the chronic stroke participants (6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Fine Motor Skills in Patients With Chronic Stroke in Final Stages of Bronestrum and Healthy Adults

Mirshoja

Pahlevanian

Khalili

2015

Middle East J Rehabil Health

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“…Although the 9HTP requires a level of dexterity not matched by the press-ball task performed in the scanner, it can more generally be regarded as a measure of upper extremity motor function [Grice et al, 2003; Wang et al, 2011], sensitive to minor impairment in several neurologic conditions. Therefore, it will be interesting to know how comparable the results are in clinical populations where the 9HPT is a standard evaluation tool [Beebe and Lang, 2009; Cohen et al, 2000; Earhart et al, 2011]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting‐state functional connectivity and motor imagery brain activation

Saiote

Tacchino

Brichetto

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

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Motor imagery (MI) relies on the mental simulation of an action without any overt motor execution (ME), and can facilitate motor learning and enhance the effect of rehabilitation in patients with neurological conditions. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during MI and ME reveals shared cortical representations, the role and functional relevance of the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of brain regions involved in MI is yet unknown. Here, we performed resting-state fMRI followed by fMRI during ME and MI with the dominant hand. We used a behavioral chronometry test to measure ME and MI movement duration and compute an index of performance (IP). Then, we analyzed the voxel-matched correlation between the individual MI parameter estimates and seed-based RSFC maps in the MI network to measure the correspondence between RSFC and MI fMRI activation. We found that inter-individual differences in intrinsic connectivity in the MI network predicted several clusters of activation. Taken together, present findings provide first evidence that RSFC within the MI network is predictive of the activation of MI brain regions, including those associated with behavioral performance, thus suggesting a role for RSFC in obtaining a deeper understanding of neural substrates of MI and of MI ability.

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“…Functional reach test (FRT) is a static balance test that measures the maximum distance one can reach in the forward direction while his/her base of support remains fixed on the ground (Duncan, Weiner, Chandler, and Studenski, 1990). The Nine-hole peg test (9HPT) is a test of dexterity and upper extremity function in which subjects were required to place and remove nine pegs in a peg board (Earhart et al, 2011). Cognitive function was assessed by using simple (SRT) and choice (CRT) reaction time tests (Kutukcu, Marks, Goodin, and Aminoff, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a low-resistance, interval bicycling intervention in Parkinson’s Disease

Uygur

Bellumori

Knight

2017

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice

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Previous studies have shown that people with PD benefit from a variety of exercise modalities with respect to symptom management and function. Among possible exercise modalities, speedwork has been identified as a promising strategy, with direct implications for the rate and amplitude of nervous system involvement. Considering that previous speed-based exercise for PD has often been equipment, personnel and/or facility dependent, and often time intensive, our purpose was to develop a population specific exercise program that could be self-administered with equipment that is readily found in fitness centers or perhaps the home. Fourteen individuals with PD (Hoehn-Yahr stage of 3.0 or less) participated in 12, 30-minute sessions of low-resistance interval training on a stationary recumbent bicycle. Motor examination section of the UPDRS, 10-meter walk, timed-up-and-go, functional reach, 4-square step test, 9-hole peg test, and simple reaction time scores all exhibited significant improvements (p < 0.05). These results add further support to the practice of speedwork for people with PD and outline a population-amenable program with high feasibility.

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The 9-Hole Peg Test of Upper Extremity Function

Cited by 140 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of Fine Motor Skills in Patients With Chronic Stroke in Final Stages of Bronestrum and Healthy Adults

Comparison of Fine Motor Skills in Patients With Chronic Stroke in Final Stages of Bronestrum and Healthy Adults

Resting‐state functional connectivity and motor imagery brain activation

Effects of a low-resistance, interval bicycling intervention in Parkinson’s Disease

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