The 6-min Walk Test: A Quick Measure of Functional Status in Elderly Adults.

Enright, P L; McBurnie, M A; Bittner, V; Tracy, R P; McNamara, R; Arnold, Amy; Newman, A B

doi:10.1097/01823246-200314020-00019

Cited by 225 publications

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“…Such findings have been widely discussed in previous studies (Ben Saad et al 2009;Camarri et al 2006;Troosters et al 1999), including on the Brazilian population (Iwama et al 2009), and will not be discussed here. However, the association between 6MWD and BM has been inconsistent in a large number of studies (Enright et al 2003;Gibbons et al 2001;Troosters et al 1999). Gibbons et al (2001) submitted 79 volunteers between 20 and 80 years of age to four 6MWTs and found that age and gender were determinants of 6MWD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The exponents presented here could be used to evaluate walking performance free of the confounding effect of BM. The 6MWD declines when BMI [30 kg/m 2 (Enright et al 2003). In the present study, the allometric exponent obtained for the normal weight participants did not differ from that seen in over weight/obese participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The consistent correlation between height and distance traveled may be attributed to the longer stride of taller individuals (Callisaya et al 2008). On the other hand, Enright et al (2003) found that the association between the body mass index (BMI) and 6MWD is non-linear. More recently, Lammers et al (2008) found that the association between body mass (BM) and 6MWD in 328 children between 4 and 11 years of age exhibited a positive linear relationship until approximately 30 kg, at which point the slope nears zero, indicating that the increase in BM did not result in a subsequent significant increase in 6MWD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The 6MWT has also been administered to healthy, asymptomatic individuals, and different demographic, anthropometric, clinical and physiological aspects have been identified as determinants of the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) (ATS 2002;Enright et al 2003). For example, correlations between height and 6MWD are often significant in healthy individuals in linear models (Camarri et al 2006;Enright and Sherrill 1998;Troosters et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Allometric scaling of 6-min walking distance by body mass as a standardized measure of exercise capacity in healthy adults

Dourado

McBurnie

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Body mass (BM) is a confounding variable in human performance. We hypothesized that adjusting 6-min walk distance (6MWD) for BM differences using allometric scaling would allow meaningful individual and group comparisons. We aimed to use allometric scaling of 6MWD to BM to provide an index for comparing walking performance in middle-aged and older adults. One hundred and twenty subjects (40-87 years) participated. Anthropometry, spirometry, and two walk tests were evaluated. We adjusted 6MWD to BM, gender, and age using an allometric procedure. The allometric exponents were prospectively applied in a validation sample of 44 healthy subjects. Body mass presented significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) with 6MWD · BM(-1) in middle-aged and older adults (r = -0.70 and -0.46, respectively). The allometric exponent (b) for 6MWD was significantly higher for older than middle-aged adults (0.35 ± 0.20 vs. 0.11 ± 0.08, respectively). The resulting BM exponents were similar in male and female subjects (0.22 ± 0.13 and 0.17 ± 0.09, respectively). The correlation between 6MWD · BM(-b ) and BM using the exponents (0.11 or 0.35) was not statistically different from zero (r = 0.00) in the validation sample, suggesting that allometric analysis did not penalize the subjects based on BM. Allometric scaling of 6MWD in middle-aged and older adults may be useful for evaluating walking performance free of the confounding effect of BM, even in the absence of a table of norms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Allometric scaling of 6-min walking distance by body mass as a standardized measure of exercise capacity in healthy adults

Dourado

McBurnie

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…Menschen jeglichen Lebensalters sind im Rahmen von Gehtests zu belasten, auch Kindern und Alte [5,18,19]. Selbst viele Leiden auf orthopädischem Gebiet, die z.…”

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Gehtests

Petermann

Buschmann

2011

Pneumologe

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Gehtests LeitthemaBelastungstests sind bei vielen kardio pulmonalen Erkrankungen hilfreich in der Diagnostik, der Einschätzung des Schweregrades und in der Verlaufs-bzw. Therapiekontrolle. Sie werden mit unterschiedlicher Fragestellung eingesetzt, z. B. Differenzierung zwischen kardialer und pulmonaler Leistungslimitierung, Bestimmung der maximalen, kurzfristigen Leistungsfähigkeit oder auch der Ausdauerbelastbarkeit. Das letztgenannte Untersuchungsziel ist für die Mehrzahl der kardiorespiratorisch chronisch Erkrankten häufig von grö-ßerer Relevanz, da Funktionsuntersuchungen in Ruhe die kardiopulmonale Belastbarkeit nur ungenü-gend reflektieren und Belastungen des täglichen Lebens besser widergespiegelt werden. Belastungstest müssen für die zu untersuchenden Personen durchführbar und zumutbar sein. Die Testergebnisse müssen einerseits hinreichend valide sein, zum anderen sollten die Untersuchungen nur einen vertretbaren zeitlichen, apparativen, räumlichen und personellen Aufwand erfordern. Gehtests können die vorgenannten Anforderungen weitgehend erfüllen.

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Left Ventricular Function and Exercise Capacity

Grewal¹

2009

JAMA

217

179

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MANY FACTORS, INCLUD-ing age, female sex, body mass index, and comorbid medical conditions, are known to be associated with a decrement in exercise capacity, as reflected by a decrease in maximal workload achieved or maximal oxygen consumption. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Aerobic exercise capacity decreases progressively with age and is associated with reductions in functional capacity, increases in disability, and decreases in independence and quality of life. Determining the most important parameters affecting exercise performance, especially in relation to age, is complex, given the numerous confounding factors. The most consistently reported mechanism contributing to this decrease in exercise capacity with aging is a reduction in maximal heart rate; this appears to be a nonmodifiable and inevitable consequence of aging.7 Similarly, the difference in exercise capacity between men and women has largely been attributed to nonmodifiable differences in cardiac output and skeletal muscle mass. 8,9 Identifying potentially reversible mechanisms underlying the decline in maximal exercise capacity with aging and between men and women could have important implications.Elucidating the mechanisms of cardiac-related exercise limitation has been technically difficult to date. Previous studies have suggested that measurements of left ventricular systolic function do not predict maximal exercise time in individuals with normal or impaired left ventricular systolic function.10,11 However, differences in exercise capacity related to small changes in ejection fraction within the normal range would require evaluation in a large population. Doppler echocardiography can now characterize left ven- Context Limited information exists regarding the role of left ventricular function in predicting exercise capacity and impact on age-and sex-related differences.Objectives To determine the impact of measures of cardiac function assessed by echocardiography on exercise capacity and to determine if these associations are modified by sex or advancing age.Design Cross-sectional study of patients undergoing exercise echocardiography with routine measurements of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by 2-dimensional and Doppler techniques. Analyses were conducted to determine the strongest correlates of exercise capacity and the age and sex interactions of these variables with exercise capacity. Setting Large tertiary referral center in Rochester, Minnesota, in 2006.Participants Patients undergoing exercise echocardiography using the Bruce protocol (N=2867). Patients with echocardiographic evidence of exercise-induced ischemia, ejection fractions lower than 50%, or significant valvular heart disease were excluded. Main Outcome Measure Exercise capacity in metabolic equivalents (METs).Results Diastolic dysfunction was strongly and inversely associated with exercise capacity. Compared with normal function, after multivariate adjustment, those with moderate/severe resting diastolic dysfunction (−1. P=.007) were similarly associated with a redu...

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The 6-min Walk Test: A Quick Measure of Functional Status in Elderly Adults.

Cited by 225 publications

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Allometric scaling of 6-min walking distance by body mass as a standardized measure of exercise capacity in healthy adults

Allometric scaling of 6-min walking distance by body mass as a standardized measure of exercise capacity in healthy adults

Gehtests

Left Ventricular Function and Exercise Capacity

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