The 6 August 2010 Mount Meager rock slide-debris flow, Coast Mountains, British Columbia: characteristics, dynamics, and implications for hazard and risk assessment

Guthrie, Richard; Friele, Pierre A.; Allstadt, Kate E.; Roberts, Nicholas J.; Evans, Stephen G.; Delaney, Keith B.; Roche, Didier M.; Clague, John J.; Jakob, Matthias

doi:10.5194/nhess-12-1277-2012

Cited by 133 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…12. Example of subjective visual calibration using a 3D model (DAN3D) with two-parameter Voellmy rheology to simulate 2010 Mount Meager landslide described by Guthrie et al (2012). Best overall match was achieved using f = 0.05 and = 500 m/s 2 , where best-match (a) deposit depth and (b) flow velocity results intersect (green box).…”

Section: Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result is that continuum models tend to overestimate the amount of spreading during the early stages of motion. A DAN3D simulation of the early stages of the Mount Meager landslide described by Guthrie et al (2012) is shown in Galas et al (2007) based on maximization of ratio of intersection (purple area) and union (blue + red + purple areas) of simulated and observed inundation areas. Perfect fit would correspond to a ratio of 1.…”

Section: Limiting Initial Spreadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animations or time-lapse images generated from numerical model outputs are also useful visualization and communication tools. An example of a time-lapse image based on a back-analysis of the 2010 Mount Meager rock slide -debris flow (Guthrie et al 2012) using the numerical model DAN3D (McDougall and Hungr 2004) is shown in Fig. 6.…”

Section: Numerical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of substantial direct economic costs of about CAD$10 million (Guthrie et al 2012), the outcome of the Mount Meager event was very fortunate in the sense that no lives were lost, in part because of its relatively remote location (although the landslide did narrowly miss an occupied campground located next to Lillooet River). However, worldwide, landslides cause thousands of fatalities every year (Petley 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Approximately 50 × 10 6 m 3 of weak volcanic rock failed on the flank of Mount Meager and travelled down Capricorn Creek, reaching estimated velocities of over 80 m/s (290 km/h), before temporarily damming Meager Creek and then Lillooet River more than 12 km from the landslide source (Guthrie et al 2012). The risk of a sudden landslide dam outburst flood on Meager Creek forced the temporary evacuation of 1500 residents from the lower Lillooet River valley (Guthrie et al 2012); however, the dam breached calmly within a couple of hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2014 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Landslide runout analysis — current practice and challenges

McDougall

2017

Can. Geotech. J.

179

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Flow-like landslides, such as debris flows and rock avalanches, travel at extremely rapid velocities and can impact large areas far from their source. When hazards like these are identified, runout analyses are often needed to delineate potential inundation areas, estimate risks, and design mitigation structures. A variety of tools and methods have been developed for these purposes, ranging from simple empirical-statistical correlations to advanced three-dimensional computer models. This paper provides an overview of the tools and methods that are currently available and discusses some of the main challenges that are currently being addressed by researchers, including the need for better guidance in the selection of model input parameter values, the challenge of translating model results into vulnerability estimates, the problem with too much initial spreading in the simulation of certain types of landslides, the challenge of accounting for sudden channel obstructions in the simulation of debris flows, and the sensitivity of models to topographic resolution and filtering methods.Key words: landslides, runout analysis, modelling, risk assessment.Résumé : Les coulées, comme les glissements de terrain tels que les coulées de débris et des avalanches de roches se déplacent à des vitesses extrêmement rapides et peuvent avoir un impact sur de grandes zones, loin de leur source. Lorsque ces risques sont identifiés, les analyses du battement sont souvent nécessaires pour délimiter les zones inondables, estimer les risques et concevoir des structures d'atténuation. Une variété d'outils et de méthodes ont été élaborés pour ces fins, allant de simples corrélations empiriques-statistiques avancées de modèles informatiques en trois dimensions. Cet article donne un aperçu des outils et des méthodes qui sont actuellement disponibles et examine certains des principaux défis qui sont actuellement traités par les chercheurs, y compris le besoin d'une meilleure orientation pour la sélection des valeurs des paramètres d'entrée du modèle, le défi de traduire les résultats des modèles en estimations de vulnérabilité, le problème de la trop grande dispersion initiale dans la simulation de certains types de glissements de terrain, le défi de comptabilité pour les obstacles soudains de canal dans la simulation des écoulements de débris, et la sensibilité des modèles à la résolution topographique et les méthodes de filtrage. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limiting Initial Spreadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2014 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Landslide runout analysis — current practice and challenges

McDougall

2017

Can. Geotech. J.

179

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Rapid reservoir erosion, hyperconcentrated flow, and downstream deposition triggered by breaching of 38 m tall Condit Dam, White Salmon River, Washington

Wilcox

O'Connor

Major

2014

J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.

131

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Condit Dam on the White Salmon River, Washington, a 38 m high dam impounding a large volume (1.8 million m 3 ) of fine-grained sediment (60% sand, 35% silt and clay, and 5% gravel), was rapidly breached in October 2011. This unique dam decommissioning produced dramatic upstream and downstream geomorphic responses in the hours and weeks following breaching. Blasting a 5 m wide hole into the base of the dam resulted in rapid reservoir drawdown, abruptly releasing~1.6 million m 3 of reservoir water, exposing reservoir sediment to erosion, and triggering mass failures of the thickly accumulated reservoir sediment. Within 90 min of breaching, the reservoir's water and~10% of its sediment had evacuated. At a gauging station 2.3 km downstream, flow increased briefly by 400 m 3 s À1 during passage of the initial pulse of released reservoir water, followed by a highly concentrated flow phase-up to 32% sediment by volume-as landslide-generated slurries from the reservoir moved downstream. This hyperconcentrated flow, analogous to those following volcanic eruptions or large landslides, draped the downstream river with predominantly fine sand. During the ensuing weeks, suspended-sediment concentration declined and sand and gravel bed load derived from continued reservoir erosion aggraded the channel by >1 m at the gauging station, after which the river incised back to near its initial elevation at this site. Within 15 weeks after breaching, over 1 million m 3 of suspended load is estimated to have passed the gauging station, consistent with estimates that >60% of the reservoir's sediment had eroded. This dam removal highlights the influence of interactions among reservoir erosion processes, sediment composition, and style of decommissioning on rate of reservoir erosion and consequent downstream behavior of released sediment.

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Numerical modeling of the Mount Meager landslide constrained by its force history derived from seismic data

et al. 2015

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We focus on the 6 August 2010 Mount Meager landslide that occurred in Southwest British Columbia, Canada. This 48.5 Mm3 rockslide that rapidly changed into a debris flow was recorded by over 25 broadband seismic stations. We showed that the waveform inversion of the seismic signal making it possible to calculate the time history of the force applied by the landslide to the ground is very robust and stable, even when using only data from a single station. By comparing this force with the force calculated through numerical modeling of the landslide, we are able to support the interpretation of seismic data made using a simple block model. However, our study gives different values of the friction coefficients involved and more details about the volumes and orientation of the subevents and the flow trajectory and velocity. Our sensitivity analysis shows that the characteristics of the released mass and the friction coefficients all contribute to the amplitude and the phase of the force. Despite this complexity, our study makes it possible to discriminate the best values of all these parameters. Our results suggest that comparing simulated and inverted forces helps to identify appropriate rheological laws for natural flows. We also show that except for the initial collapse, peaks in the low‐frequency force related to bends and runup over topography changes are associated with high‐frequency generation, possibly due to an increased agitation of the granular material involved.

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The 6 August 2010 Mount Meager rock slide-debris flow, Coast Mountains, British Columbia: characteristics, dynamics, and implications for hazard and risk assessment

Abstract: Abstract.A large rock avalanche occurred at 03:27:30 PDT,

Cited by 133 publications

References 41 publications

2014 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Landslide runout analysis — current practice and challenges

2014 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Landslide runout analysis — current practice and challenges

Rapid reservoir erosion, hyperconcentrated flow, and downstream deposition triggered by breaching of 38 m tall Condit Dam, White Salmon River, Washington

Numerical modeling of the Mount Meager landslide constrained by its force history derived from seismic data

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