The 50s Cliff: Perceptuo-Motor Learning Rates across the Lifespan

Coats, Rachel O.; Wilson, Andrew D.; Snapp-Childs, Winona; Fath, Aaron; Bingham, Geoffrey P.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085758

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The 50s cliff appears in Fig 2 just as it did in Coates et al [ 22 ]. If the 50s cliff reflected a deficit in visual motion perception, then the expectation would be that the older participants in the visual group should have improved less than those in the haptic group, which in turn, should not have exhibited the 50s cliff.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Coates et al [ 22 ] used the same perceptuo-motor learning task as in their previous study [ 21 ] and measured learning rates of participants in their 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s to discover the form of the change in perceptuo-motor learning ability over the lifespan. They found that a modest constant change occurred in perceptuo-motor learning rate from the 20s through the 40s, and then, during the 50s, a sudden larger drop in learning rate occurred, followed by little additional change in the 60s through the 80s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coates et al [ 22 ] were not able to conclude that the 50s cliff necessarily reflected a genuine sudden decline in perceptuo-motor learning ability. The reason was that the visual coordination task entailed visual motion perception to control the coupling or relative phasing between the two moving dots in the display.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 50s Cliff: A Decline in Perceptuo-Motor Learning, Not a Deficit in Visual Motion Perception

et al. 2015

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Previously, we measured perceptuo-motor learning rates across the lifespan and found a sudden drop in learning rates between ages 50 and 60, called the “50s cliff.” The task was a unimanual visual rhythmic coordination task in which participants used a joystick to oscillate one dot in a display in coordination with another dot oscillated by a computer. Participants learned to produce a coordination with a 90° relative phase relation between the dots. Learning rates for participants over 60 were half those of younger participants. Given existing evidence for visual motion perception deficits in people over 60 and the role of visual motion perception in the coordination task, it remained unclear whether the 50s cliff reflected onset of this deficit or a genuine decline in perceptuo-motor learning. The current work addressed this question. Two groups of 12 participants in each of four age ranges (20s, 50s, 60s, 70s) learned to perform a bimanual coordination of 90° relative phase. One group trained with only haptic information and the other group with both haptic and visual information about relative phase. Both groups were tested in both information conditions at baseline and post-test. If the 50s cliff was caused by an age dependent deficit in visual motion perception, then older participants in the visual group should have exhibited less learning than those in the haptic group, which should not exhibit the 50s cliff, and older participants in both groups should have performed less well when tested with visual information. Neither of these expectations was confirmed by the results, so we concluded that the 50s cliff reflects a genuine decline in perceptuo-motor learning with aging, not the onset of a deficit in visual motion perception.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 50s Cliff: A Decline in Perceptuo-Motor Learning, Not a Deficit in Visual Motion Perception

et al. 2015

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“…The procedure was nearly identical to those used by Coats, Snapp-Childs, Wilson, and Bingham (2013) and by Coats, Wilson, Snapp-Childs, Fath, and Bingham (2014). Each stimulus was displayed on a Dell UltraSharp LCD monitor with a resolution of 1920 Â 1080 and a refresh rate of 60 Hz, viewed from a distance of 76.2 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular Perception of 2D Lateral Motion and Guidance of Coordinated Motor Behavior

et al. 2015

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Zannoli, Cass, Alais, and Mamassian (2012) found greater audiovisual lag between a tone and disparity-defined stimuli moving laterally (90-170 ms) than for disparity-defined stimuli moving in depth or luminance-defined stimuli moving laterally or in depth (50-60 ms). We tested if this increased lag presents an impediment to visually guided coordination with laterally moving objects. Participants used a joystick to move a virtual object in several constant relative phases with a laterally oscillating stimulus. Both the participant-controlled object and the target object were presented using a disparity-defined display that yielded information through changes in disparity over time (CDOT) or using a luminance-defined display that additionally provided information through monocular motion and interocular velocity differences (IOVD). Performance was comparable for both disparity-defined and luminance-defined displays in all relative phases. This suggests that, despite lag, perception of lateral motion through CDOT is generally sufficient to guide coordinated motor behavior.

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“…There remains much to do, but the model also provides the framework for the next round of mechanistic empirical research, on learning (e.g. Leach et al, 2019;Snapp-Childs et al, 2015), changes in the perception-action system with ageing (Coats et al, 2013(Coats et al, , 2014Ren et al, 2015) and the interplay between visual and haptic perception of relative phase (Pickavance et al, 2018).…”

Section: A Mechanistic Perception-action Model Of Coordinated Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological mechanisms in cognitive science

Golonka

Wilson

2019

Theory & Psychology

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In 2010, Bechtel and Abrahamsen defined and described what it means to be a dynamic causal mechanistic explanatory model. They discussed the development of a mechanistic explanation of circadian rhythms as an exemplar of the process and challenged cognitive science to follow this example. This article takes on that challenge. A mechanistic model is one that accurately represents the real parts and operations of the mechanism being studied. These real components must be identified by an empirical programme that decomposes the system at the correct scale and localises the components in space and time. Psychological behaviour emerges from the nature of our real-time interaction with our environments—here we show that the correct scale to guide decomposition is picked out by the ecological perceptual information that enables that interaction. As proof of concept, we show that a simple model of coordinated rhythmic movement, grounded in information, is a genuine dynamical mechanistic explanation of many key coordination phenomena.

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The 50s Cliff: Perceptuo-Motor Learning Rates across the Lifespan

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

The 50s Cliff: A Decline in Perceptuo-Motor Learning, Not a Deficit in Visual Motion Perception

The 50s Cliff: A Decline in Perceptuo-Motor Learning, Not a Deficit in Visual Motion Perception

Binocular Perception of 2D Lateral Motion and Guidance of Coordinated Motor Behavior

Ecological mechanisms in cognitive science

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