The 5-month-old's ability to discriminate facial expressions of emotion

Schwartz, Gail M.; Izard, Carroll E.; Ansul, Susan E.

doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(85)80017-5

Cited by 109 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…LeDoux (1996), for example, argues for a direct neural pathway from the sensory thalamus to the amygdala, which is able to support rapid and defensive responses to potentially dangerous stimuli, even before conscious identification and evaluation of the stimuli. Developmental research has also demonstrated that infants are efficient at noticing and recognizing negative facial expressions (e.g., Sackett, 1966;Schwartz et al, 1985). Furthermore, on the basis of investigations of monkeys reared in isolation, Sackett claims that pictures of animals of the same species displaying threat "appear to have prepotent general activating properties .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A considerable amount of research has established that the visual system is highly efficient at perceiving both faces and facial expressions (e.g., Bruce, Desimone, & Gross, 1981;Desimone, 1991;Farah, Wilson, Drain, & Tanaka, 1998;Gorea & Julesz, 1990;Hasselmo, Rolls, & Baylis, 1989;Hochberg & Galper, 1967;Homa, Haver, & Schwartz, 1976;Purcell & Stewart, 1988;Schwartz, Izard, & Ansul, 1985;Tanaka & Farah, 1993). In fact, it has been suggested that the perception of facial expressions occurs automatically (e.g., Hansen & Hansen, 1994;Stenberg, Wilking, & Dahl, 1998) and without conscious awareness (e.g., Morris, Öhman, & Dolan, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion

Eastwood

Smilek

Merikle

2001

Perception & Psychophysics

527

498

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Four experiments were conducted to evaluate whether focal attention can be guided by an analysis of the emotional expression in a face. Participants searched displays of 7, 11, 15, and 19 schematic faces for the location of a unique face expressing either a positive or a negative emotion located among distractor faces expressing a neutral emotion. The slopes of the search functions for locating the negative face were shallower than the slopes of the search functions for locating the positive face (Experiments 1A and 2A). When the faces were inverted to reduce holistic face perception, the slopes of the search functions for locating positive and negative faces were not different (Experiments 1B and 2B). The results suggest that the emotional expression in a face can be perceived outside the focus of attention and can guide focal attention to the location of the face.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion

Eastwood

Smilek

Merikle

2001

Perception & Psychophysics

527

498

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Children and adults show faster visual search for snakes and spiders than for harmless objects (LoBue, 2005;Ohman, Lundqvist, & Esteves, 2001). Young infants devote greater attention to angry faces than to faces depicting other emotions (Schwartz, Izard, & Ansul, 1985), and children and adults show more efficient visual search for angry faces than for neutral, happy, sad, or fearful faces (Fox, Lester, Russo, Bowles, Pichler & Dutton, 2000;Hansen & Hansen, 1988;LoBue, 2005;Williams & Mattingley, 2006). These findings demonstrate that children and adults alike attend to threat that is visible in a stimulus -such as an obviously harmful animal or apparently angry individual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for “mean” over “nice”: The influence of threat on children’s face memory

Kinzler¹,

Shutts²

2008

Cognition

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Adults remember faces of threatening over non-threatening individuals. This memory advantage could be indicative of a system rooted deeply in cognitive evolution to track and remember individuals who have been harmful in the past and therefore might be harmful again. Conversely, adults may have learned through experience that it pays to be vigilant. In the present research, we investigated whether attention to threatening individuals is privileged in young children's face memory. In Experiment 1, preschool-age children showed a face recognition memory advantage for individuals who were said to have committed harmful rather than helpful actions. In a further experiment, children did not selectively remember individuals who were described as the recipients of these actions, suggesting that the memory enhancement was produced by threat rather than negative valence. Together, these findings provide evidence for an early-developing system for remembering threatening individuals, consistent with an evolutionary account of its origins.

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“…This obligatory reaction would lead infants to continue to look longer at the fearful expression than at a happy one even after habituation to the fearful expression. Similarly, infants may not show recovery FACIAL EXPRESSIONS O F EMOTION 579 of looking to angry expressions following habituation to other expressions because angry expressions induce gaze aversion (Schwartz et al, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of infants' visual responsiveness to facial expressions of emotion

1996

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An extensive literature documents the infant's ability to recognize and discriminate a variety of facial expressions of emotion. However, little is known about the neural bases of this ability. To examine the neural processes that may underlie infants' responses to facial expressions, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) while 7-month-olds watched pictures of a happy face and a fearful face (Experiment 1) or an angry face and a fearful face (Experiment 2). In both experiments an early positive component, a middlelatency negative component and a later positive component were elicited. However, only when the infants saw the happy and fearful faces did the components differ for the two expressions. These results are discussed in the context of the neurobiological processes involved in perceiving facial expressions. 0 1996 John Wiley & sons. Inc.

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The 5-month-old's ability to discriminate facial expressions of emotion

Cited by 109 publications

References 13 publications

Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion

Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion

Memory for “mean” over “nice”: The influence of threat on children’s face memory

Neural correlates of infants' visual responsiveness to facial expressions of emotion

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