The 5:2 diet is feasible and reduces risk factors for cardio-vascular disease in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes

Abstract

The 5:2 diet, a type of intermittent fasting has recently gained popularity. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of the 5:2 diet for six months on weight, metabolic and hormonal risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in overweight subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). 97 (59 women) subjects, 35 with T2D and 62 without T2D (controls) followed the 5:2 diet (two days/week on a 500 (women) or 600 (men) kcal menu) for six months. Only 4/97 subjects discontinued. A weight loss of 4.2 (5.0–3.3) kg (4.94%) and 5.3 (6.4–4.2) kg (6.43%) was observed in controls and T2D, respectively. In both groups there were decreases in waist circumference, fat percentage, and blood pressure. Waist circumference decreased more in T2D compared to the controls. HbA1c improved in the T2D group. Metabolic control, lipids, adiponectin and leptin improved. Age-adjusted IGF-I decreased in the controls and IGF binding protein-1 increased in the T2D group suggesting improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in T2D. The 5:2 diet was feasible for 6 months and resulted in significant weight loss and improvement in metabolic and hormonal risk factors for CVD in overweight and obese subjects with and without T2D.

Effects of intermittent fasting on periodontal inflammation and subgingival microbiota

“…The primary findings of this pilot intervention study suggest that clinical markers of periodontal inflammation and of systemic inflammation and metabolic biomarkers of insulin sensitivity improved significantly after 6 months of intermittent fasting. The improvement in the metabolic condition is in line with the larger study where our exploratory investigation stemmed from 19 . While evidence is still scarce, these findings align with earlier research on different diet interventions in humans and in nonhuman primates 15,16,25 and indicate that dietary interventions can be a valuable tool in the management of periodontal diseases.…”

“…The improvement in the metabolic condition is in line with the larger study where our exploratory investigation stemmed from. 19 While evidence is still scarce, these findings align with earlier research on different diet interventions in humans and in nonhuman primates 15,16,25 and indicate that dietary interventions can be a valuable tool in the management of periodontal diseases.…”

“…This study is part of a nonrandomized controlled trial conducted at the Unit for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, where a total of 104 subjects were screened and 97 subjects (62 nondiabetics and 35 subjects with Type 2 diabetes [T2D]) were included in the 6-month trial to investigate the impact of intermittent fasting on anthropometric and metabolic parameters. 19 Participants 18 years or older, with or without T2D, with a body mass index (BMI) of 23-39 kg/m 2 and waist circumference >80 cm for women and >94 cm for men were eligible for inclusion. Subjects were recruited via announcement, and screening for inclusion was made via a digital questionnaire.…”