The 3GPP NB-IoT system architecture for the Internet of Things

Zayas, Almudena Díaz; Merino, Pedro

doi:10.1109/iccw.2017.7962670

Cited by 105 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In the literature, the studies [7,[9][10][11] give an overview of NB-IoT and conclude that NB-IoT can enhance bandwidth efficiency and increase network coverage. Reference [12] proposes a new procedure for cell search and initial synchronization in NB-IoT which can speed up the access operation for the devices with low SNR.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy‐Efficient Uplink Resource Units Scheduling for Ultra‐Reliable Communications in NB‐IoT Networks

Liang

Chen

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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For 5G wireless communications, the 3GPP Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is one of the most promising technologies, which provides multiple types of resource unit (RU) with a special repetition mechanism to improve the scheduling flexibility and enhance the coverage and transmission reliability. Besides, NB-IoT supports different operation modes to reuse the spectrum of LTE and GSM, which can make use of bandwidth more efficiently. The IoT application grows rapidly; however, those massive IoT devices need to operate for a very long time. Thus, the energy consumption becomes a critical issue. Therefore, NB-IoT provides discontinuous reception operation to save devices' energy. But, how to further reduce the transmission energy while ensuring the required ultra-reliability is still an open issue. In this paper, we study how to guarantee the reliable communication and satisfy the quality of service (QoS) while minimizing the energy consumption for IoT devices. We first model the problem as an optimization problem and prove it to be NP-complete. Then, we propose an energy-efficient, ultra-reliable, and low-complexity scheme, which consists of two phases. The first phase tries to optimize the default transmit configurations of devices which incur the lowest energy consumption and satisfy the QoS requirement. The second phase leverages a weighting strategy to balance the emergency and inflexibility for determining the scheduling order to ensure the delay constraint while maintaining energy efficiency. Extensive simulation results show that our scheme can serve more devices with guaranteed QoS while saving their energy effectively.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy‐Efficient Uplink Resource Units Scheduling for Ultra‐Reliable Communications in NB‐IoT Networks

Liang

Chen

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…In a suburban area, coverage of 3km could be achieved [48]. Another study [41] inside buildings confirms an achievable range of more than 300 m through several walls, but none of the SF could achieve a 100% loss-free transmission. TTN [43] reports a LoRa packet transmission that was achieved over a distance of 702 km with a transmission power of 25 mW (measured in August 2017), transmitted by a helium-filled balloon from an altitude of 38,772 km under perfect weather conditions.…”

Section: Lorawanmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For deep indoor usages, NB-IoT is required and the coverage remains at about 95% of all devices. A summary of the technological details and architecture of NB-IoT can be found at [38,40,41].…”

Section: Low Power Wide Area Network (Lpwans) As a Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Standards for Cyber-Physical Energy Systems—Two Case Studies from Sensor Technology

et al. 2019

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Cyber-physical energy systems (CPES) describe a specialization of the cyber-physical system concept, in which energy systems are transformed into intelligent energy networks. These systems provide the basis for the realization of smart microgrids and smart grids. In the last decade, numerous research projects have intensively explored the fundamentals and modeling of CPES and validated them in pilot projects. In the meantime, more and more CPES solutions have been appearing on the market and the battle for the most suitable standards has begun. This paper gives an overview of the currently available standards for CPES sensor technologies and assesses the suitability for implementation. In two case studies in the application area of operational energy management in German companies, a sensor retrofitting is described-once with proprietary technology and once using the standards Long Range (LoRa) Wide Area Network and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). As a result, the shortcomings of the standards for their use in CPES are shown and discussed. OPC UA, which was originally developed for the manufacturing industry, turns out to be to be a suitable standard for a wide range of CPES implementations.

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“…This access reservation procedure has a probabilistic characteristic, and the packet may be lost during the data transmission both in the uplink and downlink processes, or even failure and limitations in the system bottlenecks [54,55]. Different perspectives of MTC challenges are defined and tried to overcome in the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) by different solutions and technologies like LTE and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) introduced as NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) [56,57].…”

Section: Communication Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of Things for Modern Energy Systems: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Open Issues

et al. 2018

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is beginning to shape the future of many industries and emerging markets. One of the target markets for IoT is the energy systems. IoT is a matter of producing, transferring, and processing information, therefore all parts of the system including software and hardware parts should be considered as a whole. In this paper, a state-of-the-art of the IoT-based energy systems is presented to review the recent activities on every component of IoT in energy systems. Challenges in this subject area are discussed, and some solutions are presented thereafter.

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The 3GPP NB-IoT system architecture for the Internet of Things

Cited by 105 publications

References 1 publication

Energy‐Efficient Uplink Resource Units Scheduling for Ultra‐Reliable Communications in NB‐IoT Networks

Energy‐Efficient Uplink Resource Units Scheduling for Ultra‐Reliable Communications in NB‐IoT Networks

Standards for Cyber-Physical Energy Systems—Two Case Studies from Sensor Technology

Internet of Things for Modern Energy Systems: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Open Issues

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