The 3′ termini of mouse Piwi-interacting RNAs are 2′-O-methylated

Ohara, Tomoya; Sakaguchi, Yuriko; Suzuki, Tsutomu; Ueda, Hiroki; Miyauchi, Katsumi

doi:10.1038/nsmb1220

Cited by 209 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Periodate oxidation was performed as previously described with slight modifications [22,54]. Briefly, total RNA was extracted from 200 ml of human serum or 100 mg mouse liver using the Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Deep Sequencing and Qrt-pcr After Oxidation Of Small Rnas Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA

et al. 2011

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Our previous studies have demonstrated that stable microRNAs (miRNAs) in mammalian serum and plasma are actively secreted from tissues and cells and can serve as a novel class of biomarkers for diseases, and act as signaling molecules in intercellular communication. Here, we report the surprising finding that exogenous plant miRNAs are present in the sera and tissues of various animals and that these exogenous plant miRNAs are primarily acquired orally, through food intake. MIR168a is abundant in rice and is one of the most highly enriched exogenous plant miRNAs in the sera of Chinese subjects. Functional studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that MIR168a could bind to the human/mouse low-density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 (LDLRAP1) mRNA, inhibit LDLRAP1 expression in liver, and consequently decrease LDL removal from mouse plasma. These findings demonstrate that exogenous plant miRNAs in food can regulate the expression of target genes in mammals.

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Section: Deep Sequencing and Qrt-pcr After Oxidation Of Small Rnas Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA

et al. 2011

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“…We deemed this analysis necessary since this modification is thought to maintain the stability of piRNAs [23][24][25][26][27][28]. In addition, the PIWI proteins in Drosophila interact with the piRNA methyltransferase, which in turn may be necessary for the methylation of piRNAs [27].…”

Section: Mili-associated Pirnas Are Upregulated But Not Downregulatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

piRNA biogenesis during adult spermatogenesis in mice is independent of the ping-pong mechanism

2012

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piRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs associated with PIWI proteins, have broad functions in germline development, transposon silencing, and epigenetic regulation. In diverse organisms, a subset of piRNAs derived from repeat sequences are produced via the interplay between two PIWI proteins. This mechanism, termed "ping-pong" cycle, operates among the PIWI proteins of the primordial mouse testis; however, its involvement in postnatal testes remains elusive. Here we show that adult testicular piRNAs are produced independent of the ping-pong mechanism. We identified and characterized large populations of piRNAs in the adult and postnatal developing testes associated with MILI and MIWI, the only PIWI proteins detectable in these testes. No interaction between MILI and MIWI or sequence feature for the ping-pong mechanism among their piRNAs was detected in the adult testis. The majority of MILI-and MIWI-associated piRNAs originate from the same DNA strands within the same loci. Both populations of piRNAs are biased for 5′ Uracil but not for Adenine on the 10th nucleotide position, and display no complementarity. Furthermore, in Miwi mutants, MILI-associated piRNAs are not downregulated, but instead upregulated. These results indicate that the adult testicular piRNAs are predominantly, if not exclusively, produced by a primary processing mechanism instead of the ping-pong mechanism. In this primary pathway, biogenesis of MILI-and MIWIassociated piRNAs may compete for the same precursors; the types of piRNAs produced tend to be non-selectively dictated by the available precursors in the cell; and precursors with introns tend to be spliced before processed into piRNAs.

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“…We isolated mt tRNAs for Glu and Gln from bovine liver using chaplet column chromatography (15). The primary structures, including the posttranscriptional modifications, of the isolated tRNAs were determined by mass spectrometric analysis (16,17) ( Fig. S1 and Tables S1 and S2).…”

Section: Post-transcriptional Modifications Of Mammalian Mitochondrialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenesis of glutaminyl-mt tRNA ^Gln in human mitochondria

Nagao

Suzuki²,

Katoh³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mammalian mitochondrial (mt) tRNAs, which are required for mitochondrial protein synthesis, are all encoded in the mitochondrial genome, while mt aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are encoded in the nuclear genome. However, no mitochondrial homolog of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) has been identified in mammalian genomes, implying that Gln-tRNA Gln is synthesized via an indirect pathway in the mammalian mitochondria. We demonstrate here that human mt glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (mtGluRS) efficiently misaminoacylates mt tRNA Gln to form Glu-tRNA Gln . In addition, we have identified a human homolog of the Glu-tRNA Gln amidotransferase, the hGatCAB heterotrimer. When any of the hGatCAB subunits were inactivated by siRNA-mediated knock down in human cells, the Glu-charged form of tRNA Gln accumulated and defects in respiration could be observed. We successfully reconstituted in vitro Gln-tRNA Gln formation catalyzed by the recombinant mtGluRS and hGatCAB. The misaminoacylated form of tRNA Gln has a weak binding affinity to the mt elongation factor Tu (mtEF-Tu), indicating that the misaminoacylated form of tRNA Gln is rejected from the translational apparatus to maintain the accuracy of mitochondrial protein synthesis.EF-Tu ͉ Glu-tRNAGln amidotransferase ͉ glutamyl-tRNA synthetase ͉ mitochondrial tRNA

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The 3′ termini of mouse Piwi-interacting RNAs are 2′-O-methylated

Cited by 209 publications

References 16 publications

Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA

Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA

piRNA biogenesis during adult spermatogenesis in mice is independent of the ping-pong mechanism

Biogenesis of glutaminyl-mt tRNA ^Gln in human mitochondria

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The 3′ termini of mouse Piwi-interacting RNAs are 2′-O-methylated

Cited by 209 publications

References 16 publications

Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA

Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA

piRNA biogenesis during adult spermatogenesis in mice is independent of the ping-pong mechanism

Biogenesis of glutaminyl-mt tRNA Gln in human mitochondria

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Biogenesis of glutaminyl-mt tRNA ^Gln in human mitochondria